Chapter 6 Review BINGO!

1. Chapter 6 Review BINGO! As each answer is revealed, mark your Bingo card with an X if you have the term. Five X’s in a row and your have BINGO = Bonus points!

2. What is a war fought between two sides within the same country? Civil War The Roman Empire fought many civil wars starting in 49 B.C. with Julius Caesar vs. the Senate backed General Pompey. In the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D. the empire continued to disintegrate as rival generals fought each other for control of the empire! Between 235-284 AD 50 different generals would claim the title of Emperor!

3. What social system was used by the Roman elite to keep the commoners loyal? patronage Patronage is the “I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine” type of deal. The Roman elite (Patrician class) would become the “patrons” of the Roman Commoners (Plebeians). The rich would offer “free stuff” to the poor to keep them loyal and voting for them (buying votes).

4. The founder of Christianity – believed to be the son of God to Christian followers. Jesus Jesus’ crucifixion was a punishment used by the Romans against “enemies of the state.” The Romans heard rumors of a new “King of the Jews” and did not want another rebellion on their hands.

5. Portion of the Bible that relates the story of Jesus and his followers. The New Testament Jesus’s life is told in the 4 Gospels, his followers or disciples in the other books, letters, and prayers.

6. Founded in 509 BC, this form of government elects representatives to exercise the power of government. Republic The United States is also a Republic which borrowed many of its ideas from Rome - such as divided power (the 3 branches).

7. Today it is a “dead” language. Examples include: E Pluribus Unum, Anno Domini, and Novus OrdoSeclorum. Latin The Latin language was the language of the Romans, it is no longer “living” because no one is born speaking it as their native tongue. But it has heavily influenced the development of other modern languages such as English, French, and Spanish. .

8. The wealthy roman class. Patricians The Patricians were also the only class who could become a Senator or Consul.

9. The poor or “commoners” of Rome. Plebeian The commoners of the Roman Republic were expected to serve in the Military as Members of Rome’s Legions.

10. A Latin term used to describe the time of Roman Peace from 27 BC to 180 AD? PaxRomana The PaxRomanais considered Rome’s Golden Age where there was relative peace within the empire and great trade, the arts and sciences, education – all flourished.

11. An economic term used to describe a rapid increase in the price of goods and a decrease in the value of money. Inflation The romans devalued their currency because they were running out of gold and silver (trading it all to China) and so minted copper and bronze coins instead which were worth much less!

12. Emperor who made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire in 325 AD. Constantine Constantine would convert to Christianity on his deathbed in 337 AD. Once Persecuted, now Christianity would become the favored religion of the Empire!

13. A person who dies for their beliefs Martyr Tens of Thousands of Christians were killed by the Romans for sport in the Arena during the first three centuries AD.

14. Fought between Rome and Carthage over trade in the Western Mediterranean sea? Punic Wars There were 3 wars – Rome won all 3 marking the beginning of its vast Mediterranean Empire.

15. A soldier who fights for money alone and is not loyal to any given state. Mercenary The Romans used mercenaries, called auxiliaries to supplement their army when many Romans would no longer fight in the Army.

16. The Carthaginian General who attacked Rome by crossing the Alps and terrorizing the Italian countryside. Hannibal Hannibal’s great battle strategies are still studied today but he was never able to take the city of Rome and so lost the 2nd Punic War at the battle of Zama when he was forced back to Africa to defend his homeland.

17. During times of crisis and ONLY during a time of crisis, the Roman Senate had the power to elect a... Dictator The office of dictator was only to last 6 months or until the crisis was over. The dictator was then to return power back to the Senate – greatest example: Cincinnatus

18. The Chief executive in the Roman Republic – like our president Consul There were 2 Roman Consuls at a time so they could check each other’s power, they were elected for just one year, could not serve again for 10 years, and had command over the Army.

19. Means “savior,” believed by the Jews to be coming to save them from their enemies. Messiah Jesus was considered The Messiah by the earliest Christians because the Jewish faith taught that God would send a savior to deliver them from their enemies (The Romans). But Jesus was a spiritual savior and not a military one. As a result, the Jews do not believe Jesus was the Messiah, just another prophet sent by God.

20. This was the law making body of the Roman Republic – made up of the aristocratic class and served for life! Senate Considered the most powerful body in the Republic, the Senate was made into just an advisory and symbolic body during the days of the Empire.

21. A roman aristocrat who would march his armies into Rome and claim the powers of dictator – elected first dictator for life by the Roman people. Julius Caesar Murdered in 44 BC after just 2 years as dictator! Proclaimed a god and worshipped by the masses. All later Emperors would claim the title of Caesar and demand to be worshipped as a god.

22. The champion of the Republic and critic of Julius Caesar? Cicero Cicero would later be killed by the order of Mark Anthony – his hands were cut off and publically displayed in Rome as a warning (because he was a layer and used his writings to criticize).

23. Means “exalted one?” Augustus Augustus Caesar (Octavian) is considered Rome’s First Emperor in 27 BC.

24. Julius Caesar’s adopted grand nephew who would fight a second civil war against Mark Anthony and Cleopatra to secede Caesar & become Emperor. Octavian After Julius Caesar’s death in 44 B.C., Octavian formed the 2nd Triumvirate and shared power with Mark Anthony and Lepidus (A powerful senator). Then in 33 B.C. went to War with Anthony and wins the battle of Actium in 31 B.C. Octavian becomes Augustus Caesar in 27 B.C.

25. Usually slaves these “professional athletes” engaged in a popular blood sport in Rome. They were used to keep the “mob” (commoners and unemployed) entertained and from rebelling. Gladiators Some Gladiators were free men who fought for pay, making as much as $200,000 a fight in today’s money, but most were slaves captured in wars.

26. SenatusPopulusque Romanus or in English: the Senate and the People of Rome? S P Q R SPQR is the symbol of the Roman Republic, it is like our flag to us.

27. Made Christianity the OFFICIAL religion of the Empire in 380 AD. Theodosius I Once the official religion many people converted not because of faith but to seek favor with those in power.

28. Great barbarian horse warriors from the Asian Steppe and their leader? Attila & the Huns Attila was stopped at the gates of Rome by the Pope – He offered the barbarian vast wealth and treasure to leave the city intact. Eventually the Huns would settle in Eastern Europe and eventually become the country of Hungary.

29. Great barbarian leader who united his people who would sack Rome in 410 AD. Alaric and the Goths Alaric could have stayed in Rome and tried to rule as a new Emperor but did not think he would have any chance of controlling it. Instead he won concessions of vast lands in modern Spain and southern France. The Gothic Kingdom would survive several hundred years after the Western Roman Empire was destroyed in 476 AD.

30. A manmade water channel that brought fresh water from the mountains to Rome’s Cities. Aqueduct The Roman Aqueduct was a feat of engineering that even modern engineers would find challenging – the water was powered by gravity alone and so the channel had to be made to run downhill for hundreds of miles!

31. Roman aristocrat who was chosen as dictator and gave up power after solving the crisis in the 4th century BC Cincinatus Remember that Cincinatus was the dictator who set the good example of stepping down after the crisis was taken care of and returning power back to the senate.

32. The fundamental change that Jesus made to the traditional teachings of his day? The Golden Rule The Golden Rule is to do unto others as you would have done to you, treat others better than you would want to be treated, forgive your enemies, love your neighbor, work for the good of others.

33. Emperor who split the Empire into a more manageable East and West, each with its own Emperor. Diocletian Diocletian instituted many reforms that helped the empire survive another 2 centuries. Diocletian became emperor in 284 A.D. The Western Roman Empire would last until 476 A.D. and the East would survive as the Byzantine Empire until 1453 A.D.