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Ecosystem Services and Well-being

Participatory Modelling of Wellbeing Tradeoffs in Coastal Kenya Tradeoffs, optimising and thinking outside the triangle.

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Ecosystem Services and Well-being

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  1. Participatory Modelling of Wellbeing Tradeoffs in Coastal Kenya Tradeoffs, optimising and thinking outside the triangle Tim Daw, Sara Coulthard, William Cheung, Kate Brown, Tim McClanahan, Diego Galafassi, Caroline Abunge, Johnstone Omukoto Omuhaya, Garry Peterson, Carlos Ruiz, AminiTengeza, Lydiah Munyi

  2. Ecosystem Services and Well-being ‘WB Context’: Basic needs & aspirations ‘Unnatural Capital’: Labour Technology Natural Capital Human Wellbeing • Millennium Assessment definition is about WB • Relationship is poorly understood and contingent on many factors • Aggregated analysis can’t say much about WB Access & Distribution Potential Benefits • ‘Multipliers’ • Markets • Values Goods

  3. Trade-offs in Ecosystem Services (& Fisheries) • Common focus on win-win • Alignment between conservation, and wellbeing • Trade-offs often not considered • Wins & losses for particular groups may be hidden

  4. The case study Mombasa National Marine Park Mombasa 5 km

  5. Aim: to test a framework to identify trade-offs between ES and wellbeing of different stakeholders Participatory processes (workshopactivities) -Social-ecological system models -Scenarios Kenyan Case study Ecological Modeling Wellbeing Research (focus groups)

  6. Ecological modelling • Two biophysical models of the reef/fishery • - Ecopath with Ecosim • - Stella model of reef dynamics • Specific Questions • Ecosystem service delivery • Fish • Environmental quality • Effects of fishing by different gears Ecological Modeling Ecopath network model

  7. Tradeoffs in the fishery (Ecopath optimisations) Economic Profits Ecological status Food production Beach Seine Other Gears But what are the wellbeing implications of these trade-offs?

  8. Wellbeing research • Focus on fisheries stakeholders • Multi-gear users (hand line, spear gun, nets, traps), • Beach seine fishermen • Beach seine captains • Women fishmongers • Male fish traders • What is wellbeing for these people? • How easy is it to be well? Things that are important for living well Money Good job ‘A developmental mind’ (knowledge, education) Savings Property Donor/ start capital Decision-making capacity Planning Good fishing gears Health Good neighbours Wellbeing research

  9. Implications for different markets • Different stakeholders rely on different types of fish. • ‘Mama karangas’ buy small fish (mostly caught by beach seine) to process and sell to local residents • A better ecological condition would result in larger fish which would enter higher value markets e.g. hotels.

  10. Participatory Processes • Secondary stakeholders (government, NGOs, representatives) • Conceptual model’ of the broader system • Trends, drivers, possible future scenarios & surprises Participatory processes

  11. System modelling • Fuzzy logic system model implemented in Excel • Iteration with stakeholders who provided improvements

  12. Trade-offs as described by ‘Toy Model’ • Optimise for 1 group or objective • Try to balance for 2 groups, or objectives • Is there a tradeoff? What shape?

  13. What the model can explore Alternative jobs in Economy Balancing/optimising • What about changing the system? • What about human agency, responses and feedback in the system? • What about other stakeholders, other variables? Beach SeineEffort

  14. Scenarios • Stakeholder conceptual model • Drivers exercise • Secondary data

  15. Explore Scenarios with primary and secondary stakeholders • Likelihood • Implications for wellbeing • Winners and losers • Responses • Finally policy options considering all the above...

  16. Policy Responses to the Scenarios, considering trade-offs • Example group discussion on Scenario C: Growth • Action: Enforce regulations • Losers: Beach seine fishers and women fishmongers • Facilitate alternative livelihoods • Women fishmongers are marginalised and hard to integrate into alternatives • Response: legislation to promote access to fish for women fishmongers, or fish prices • Resultant trade-off: Fishermen and women fishmongers

  17. Conclusions • Trade-offs and modelling lens to understand hard choices within the system • Explicitly consider trade-offs • A wellbeing angle emphasises trade offs between different groups • Identify most vulnerable to change • Identify groups likely to block change • Scenarios allow thinking outside the model • additional variables and stakeholders • consideration of how to ‘transform’ the systemThinking outside the triangle...

  18. Many thanks • Ecosystem Services and Poverty Allevaition (ESPA programme) • Wildlife Conservation Society • KMFRI, Kenyan Fisheries Department, Kenya Wildlife Services • All workshop and focus group participants

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