1 / 24

Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Cell structure and function. Chapter 3 Cell structure and protein function. Structure determines function. That which alters structure alters function. Cells: membranes ─ internal and external partitions nucleus ─ genomic DNA ribosomes ─ protein synthesis

feo
Download Presentation

Chapter 3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Cell structure and function

  2. Chapter 3Cell structure and protein function • Structure determines function. • That which alters structure alters function. • Cells: • membranes─internal and external partitions • nucleus─genomic DNA • ribosomes─protein synthesis • endoplasmic reticulum─synthesis and calcium dynamics • Golgi apparatus─secreted proteins • mitochondria─ATP synthesis • miscellaneous organelles

  3. Chapter 3Cell structure and protein function (cont.) • Central dogma: genes to proteins • transcription (DNA to RNA)  • splicing (RNA to mRNA)  • translation (mRNA code determines • amino acid sequence in protein synthesis) • ATP/chemical energy: substrate/oxidative phosphorylation • Enzymes and metabolic pathways

  4. Figure 3-2 Cell Structure Sizes, on a log scale.

  5. Figure 3-3 Electron Micrograph of organelles in a hepatocyte (liver cell).

  6. Human Cell Figure 3-4 Organelles have their own membranes.

  7. Membrane functions:

  8. Figure 3-6 Membrance structure Electron micrograph and sketch of plasma membrane surrounding a human red blood cell.

  9. Arrangement of integral and peripheral proteins Figure 3-7 Phospholipid bilayer

  10. Figure 3-8 The amino acids along the membrane section are likely to have non-polar side chains Circles represent amino acids in the linear sequence of the protein Schematic cartoon of a transmembrane protein.

  11. Figure 3-9 Drawing of the fluid-mosaic model of membranes, showing the phospholipid bilayer and imbedded proteins.

  12. Membrane junctions: Figure 3-10a Desmosomes provide strong attachments.

  13. Tight junctions prevent leaks. Figure 3-10b

  14. Connexons Figure 3-10d Gap junctions communicate and coordinate.

  15. Nucleus and nucleolus Figure 3-11 {site of ribosome assembly} {genomic DNA} Ribosomes

  16. Endoplasmic reticulum: Figure 3-12

  17. Golgi apparatus: Figure 3-13

  18. Mitochondria: Figure 3-14

  19. Endosomes:membrane-bound vesicular and tubular structures, Located between the plasma membrane and the golgi apparatus Function as Golgi apparatus in sorting and modifying, and directiong Vesicles Lysosomes: Are spherical or oval organelles Highly acidic, and contains digestives enzymes, To destroy bacteria Peroxisomes: Dense oval bodies H2O2 is toxic to the cell

  20. Figure 3-15 Protein filaments function in movement and support.

  21. Thank you for your attention,,,

  22. Figure 3-16 NUCLEUS The DNA code is “transcribed” into mRNA. RIBOSOMES The mRNA is “translated” to give instructions for proteins synthesis.

More Related