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Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars. Daniel Snyder Yernur Suleimenov Danny Torres Kyle Tress Nicholas Ward. What’s The Issue?. Global climate change, as it relates to CO2 emissions, is a large problem with respect to the human lifestyle
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Carbon Footprint of Hybrid vs. Gasoline Cars Daniel Snyder YernurSuleimenov Danny Torres Kyle Tress Nicholas Ward
What’s The Issue? • Global climate change, as it relates to CO2 emissions, is a large problem with respect to the human lifestyle • Carbon dioxide emissions continue to increase as time progresses due mostly to combustion sources
Figure 1: CO2 concentration measured at the observatory in Mauna Loa, Hawaii Data source: NOAA (2012)
Assumptions • Models analyzed: Ford Fusion, and Ford Fusion Hybrid • Preponderantly city driving • Avg American city commuter travels 29 miles • 29 mpg conventional car • 47 mpg hybrid car equivalent • 2,778 kWh/gas vehicle (Ford Corporations) • 6 years (average time Americans owns a car) • Bituminous coal (American Coal Foundation) • HHV = 13,000 BTU/lb • 300,000 Ford conventional cars produced/year • 14 lb CO2/gal of gas • 40% more energy to produce a hybrid than to produce a conventional gasoline car • Regenerative braking recovers 15% of the power • For simplicity, only power plant manufacturing and exhaust gases from just cars were taken into account
Conventional Gas Cars Driving Emissions Calculations • Energy Used to produce 1 gas car = 2,778 kWh/vehicle = 9,478,942 Btu/vehicle • 29 mi/day * 365 day/year * 14 lb/gal / (22 mi/gal) * 300,000 cars/year / (2.2 lb/kg) = 916,420,432 kg C/year
Power Plant Calculations for Gas Cars • Given the ultimate analysis on dry ash-free basis of bituminous coal (most common coal in the US): • 0.828 lb C/lb coal * 729.15 lb coal/gas vehicle / (12 lb C/lbmol) = 50.31 lb-moles C/gas car = 50.31 lb-moles CO2/gas car • 50.31 lbmol C/gas car * 12 lb/lbmol * .4535 kg/lb = 273.8 kg C/gas car • 273.8 kg C/car * 300,000 car/year = 82,138,237.12 kg C/year • Total Carbon (including Driving & Regenerative Brakes): • (82138237.12 + 916420432 kg C/year)/1000 kg/ton = 998,558.7 total metric tons C/year
Hybrid Calculations • Energy required for hybrid vehicle = 3889.2 kWh/year • 13,270,518 BTU/car • 3.65*10^8 kg C/year (driving) • 70.44 lb-mol CO2/hybrid car • 383.31 kg C/hybrid car • 114,993,532 kg C/year (power plant) • 479611.87 metric tons C/year • Carbon Saved by switching to hybrids = 518946.80 metric tons C/year
Economics/Maintenance Costs • MSRP values for each: • Conventional: ~$23,700 • Hybrid: ~$27,200 • Additional Owner Costs • Costs associated are based on average maintenance over the 6-year average owning life span
Cost to own a 2013 Ford Fusion • Cost to Own your Ford Fusion for 5 years • (Initial cost of car+ cost of car per year)/(miles per year* number of years) • ($23,700+ $34,056)/(10,000 miles* 5 year)= $1.16 per mile
Cost to own a 2013 Ford Fusion Hybrid SE Cost to Own your Ford Fusion for 5 years (Initial cost of car+ cost of car per year)/(miles per year* number of years) • ($27,200+ $37,176)/(10,000 miles* 5 year)=$1.28 per mile
Breakdown of what it will cost to own the car for 6 years • Ford Fusion SE • Cost per mile average • $1.16 per mile • Miles per year • 10,000 miles • Number of year • 6 years • $1.16*10,000 miles* 6 years • $69,600 • Ford Fusion Hybrid SE • Cost per mile average • $1.28 per mile • Miles per year • 10,000 • Number of year • 6 years • $1.28*10,000miles*6 years • $76,800
Stabwedge • 1 stab wedge = 1 billion tons C/year • Ford Fusion SE • 998,558,668.9 Kg C per Year for 300,000 cars • Ford Fusion SE Hybrid • 479,611,874Kg C per year for 300,000 cars • Amount saved per year by using the Ford Fusion SE Hybrid over the Ford Fusion SE • 998,558,668.9 Kg C – 479,611,874 Kg C = 518,946,794.9 Kg C saved per year • Stab wedge • 1 billion tons in 1 wedge = 1,814,369,480,000 kg in 1 wedge • 1,814,369,480,000 kg C / 518,946,794.9 Kg C per year • = 3496.25 yearsto reduce one stab wedge
Conclusions • Even though production energy for hybrid vehicles is higher, the overall carbon emissions are lower than conventional gas-powered cars. • Higher costs are associated with the hybrid car than with the conventional gas car. • In order for hybrid technology to take root, the cars ought to decrease in price while further promoting environmental sustainability. • With respect to the stab wedge, switching to hybrid isn’t the most feasible alternative despite advocating environmentally friendly solutions.
References • http://corporate.ford.com/doc/sr11.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermosillo_Stamping_%26_Assembly • http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2012/02/21/americans-are-keeping-their-cars-longer-study-shows/ • http://www.bts.gov/programs/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.html • http://www.ket.org/trips/coal/agsmm/agsmmtypes.html • http://www.stewartmarion.com/carbon-footprint/html/carbon-footprint-car.html • http://www.ford.com/cars/fusion/ • http://coalgeology.com/coal-classification-and-analysis-coal-rank-classification-by-heat-value/8603/ • http://autos.yahoo.com/ford/fusion/2012/se/cost.html;_ylt=AkJ_O_aXypnCF7WhDQnJ_1TWYN1_;_ylv=3?zip&drive-mile=10&drive-year=A#yat-tco-summary • http://www.utsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060408/news_lz1dd8takes.html