Chapter 1 － Word Class

1. Chapter 1 － Word Class Lesson 1 Ten Parts of Speech

2. Outline • Introduction (簡介) • Noun (名詞) • Pronoun (代名詞) • Adjective (形容詞) • Article (冠詞) • Preposition (介系詞)

3. Outline • Verb (動詞) • Auxiliary (助動詞) • Adverb (副詞) • Conjunction (連接詞) • Interjection (感嘆詞或發聲詞)

4. Introduction (簡介) • Each word has a function in a sentence. Some words refer to an “action”, some refer to the name of an “object”, and others help to “link” words together. When the words are put in a proper order, an English sentence is formed. 每個字都有不同的功能，有些指「動作」，有些指「名稱」；有些則是將字「連接」起來。當我們將每個字以正確順序排列，一個英文句子就成形囉!)

5. 1. Noun (名詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

6. 1. Noun (名詞)a) function功能 b) example例句 • A noun is to name a person, an animal, a plant, a thing, or a place. 名詞是表示人、動物、植物、事物或地點等名稱的字。

7. 1. Noun (名詞)a) function功能 b) example例句 • Person: Annie, child, doctor • Animal: camel, owl, ostrich • Plant: tree, lotus, bud • Thing: pencil, bicycle, money • Place: home, library, America

8. 2. Pronoun(代名詞) • function (功能) • example (舉例)

9. 2. Pronouna) function功能 b) example例句 • A pronoun is to take the place of a noun and avoid repeating the noun. 代名詞是用來代替名詞，避免名詞一再重複的字。

10. 2. Pronouna) function功能 b) example例句 • Pronoun: e.g., A: Where is Annie? B: She is at school. e.g., The baby is crying.Heseems unhappy.

11. 3. Adjective(形容詞) • function (功能) • example (例句)

12. 3. Adjectivea) function功能 b) example例句 • An adjective is to describe a noun or a pronoun in terms of qualities such as size, age, shape, and color. 形容詞是用來描述名詞或代名詞其大小、年 齡、形狀與顏色的性質。

13. 3. Adjectivea) function功能 b) example例句 • size: large, medium, small • age: young, old • shape: round, square, triangle • color: black, yellow, grey e.g., A: My father bought a car. B: What kind of car? A: He bought a new,small, blue, Japanese car.

14. 4. Article(冠詞) • function (功能) • example (例句)

15. 4. Articlea) function功能 b) example例句 • Indefinite articleis to describe or indicate any person, animal, plant, thing, or idea. 不定冠詞: 用來形容與表達名詞是任一個。

16. 4. Articlea) function功能 b) example例句 • Definite article is to describe or indicate one or more specific objects or people. 定冠詞: 用來形容與表達名詞是特定的。

17. 4. Articlea) function功能 b) example例句 • Indefinite article: a, an e.g., Nina eats an egg every day. e.g., A triangle has three sides. • Definite article: the e.g., Sunday is the first day of the week. e.g., Do you like the flowers on the table?

18. 5. Preposition (介系詞) • function(功能) • example(例句)

19. 5. Prepositiona) function功能 b) example例句 • A preposition is to come before a noun or a pronoun, indicating the temporal, spatial, or directional relationship between the noun or the pronoun and the rest parts in the sentence. 介係詞前置於名詞或代名詞，用來表示名詞或代名詞與句子裡其他字詞的時間、空間或方向的關係。

20. 5. Prepositiona) function功能 b) example例句 • Time: after, before, during e.g., We will leave after lunch. • Space: under, near, beside e.g., She put the box under the bed. • Direction: to, into, from e.g., This road leads to Paris. • Manner: with, without, by e.g., Chinese people eat with chopsticks.

21. 6. Verb (動詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

22. Verb (動詞) a) function功能 b) example例句1 c) example例句2 • A verb is to describe the action of a subject or the state of being. 動詞是表示動作或描述狀態的字。 • Kinds of verb:

23. Verb (動詞) a) function功能 b) example例句1 c) example例句2 • Linking verb: e.g., It sounds great. e.g., It’s getting cold. • Sense verb: e.g., I heard him say so. e.g., I can hear someone knocking.

24. Verb (動詞) a) function功能 b) example例句1 c) example例句2 • Dative verb: e.g., I can buy you dinner. e.g., Can you show me your photographs? • Causative verb: e.g., His jokes made us all laugh. e.g., Let your body relax.

25. 7. Auxiliary (助動詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

26. Auxiliary (助動詞)a) function 1功能 1b) function 2功能 2 c) example例句 • Primary auxiliary: to help a verb show tense, form a question, or form a negative 一般助動詞: 協助構成主要動詞的時態，製造出疑問或否定句。

27. Auxiliary (助動詞)a) function 1功能 1b) function 2功能 2 c) example例句 • Modal auxiliary: to help a verb express tones of possibility, necessity, etc. 語氣/情態助動詞:協助動詞表達可能或必須的語氣。

28. Auxiliary (助動詞)a) function 1功能 1b) function 2功能 2c) example例句 • Primary Auxiliary: do, does, did, will, have, has, had e.g., Ido not like coffee. e.g., He will be back at six. • Modal Auxiliary: may, can, must, should, could, would, will, might e.g., Ican (能夠) drive now. e.g., You should (應該) work hard.

29. 8. Adverb (副詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

30. Adverb (副詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • An adverb is to modify and give more information about a verb, an adjective, or another adverb in terms of qualities such as manner, degree, frequency, place, and time. 副詞用來修飾動詞、形容詞或另一個副詞其方式、程度、頻率、地點與時間。

31. Adverb (副詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • Manner: fast, sadly, carefully • Degree: too, very, quite, so • Frequency: always,often, usually, seldom, never • Place: here, there, everywhere • Time: now, today, every week

32. Adverb (副詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 e.g., A: Sue runs fast. B: How fast? A: She runs very fast. e.g., A: I go to the movies. B: How often? A: I go to the movies every week.

33. 9. Conjunction (連接詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

34. Conjunction (連接詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • A conjunction is to connect two parts of a sentence which are grammatically equal. 連接詞用來連接一個句子裡兩個文法對 等的字詞。

35. Conjunction (連接詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • Conjunction: and, or, but e.g., Ivy and Jack are good friends. e.g., He cannot read or write. e.g., The old man is rich but unhappy.

36. 10. Interjection (感嘆詞) • Function (功能) • Example (例句)

37. Interjection (感嘆詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • An interjection is to convey pain, surprise, embarrassment, or other strong emotions. 感嘆詞是用來表達疼痛、驚訝、尷尬或其他強烈情感的字。

38. Interjection (感嘆詞) a) function功能 b) example例句 • Interjection: ouch, hey, oops, well, wow, yeah, eh, oh, bravo e.g.,Ouch! It hurts! e.g.,Hey! What a good idea! e.g., Oops! I dropped my key. e.g., Well, I don’t know. e.g., Oh, what a wonderful movie.