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Coming soon to a genetics lab near you!

Coming soon to a genetics lab near you!. NBCEC Beef Genetic Workshop Clay Center, NE March 27, 2004. Marker adjusted EPDs. Cattle genes affecting carcass traits. Thyroglobulin- marbling (Gene Star) Calpastatin- tenderness (Gene Star) Calpain- tenderness (MARC)

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Coming soon to a genetics lab near you!

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  1. Coming soon to a genetics lab near you! NBCEC Beef Genetic Workshop Clay Center, NE March 27, 2004 Marker adjusted EPDs

  2. Cattle genes affecting carcass traits • Thyroglobulin- marbling (Gene Star) • Calpastatin- tenderness (Gene Star) • Calpain- tenderness (MARC) • Leptin- fat deposition • DGAT- milk fat and protein

  3. Current limitations in genomic research • Single gene selection is worse than single trait selection • Need to incorporate with EPDs • We need to rapidly identify sufficient number of genes that explain the majority of the genetic variation • Need for additional laboratory tools

  4. Additional laboratory tools • Large expensive projects - require international collaborations • Cattle physical (BAC) map • 10 labs from US, Canada, UK, France, Brazil, New Zealand, Australia • Complete in Summer 2004

  5. Mapping a trait to a gene

  6. Ultimate physical map • Sequence the cow genome • Funding from NHGRI; USDA; Texas; Genome Canada; New Zealand; Australia; National, Texas and South Dakota Beef Council; UK; and Norway - $54+ million (6X coverage, 10K full length genes, SNPs) • Started Feb 2004- complete 2006?

  7. How do we identify more genes faster? • BAC map and genome sequence will help fine map QTL • Need more QTL populations to identify more genes and for more traits • SNP map will be used to develop low cost, high throughput genome scans • Use industry populations?

  8. Implementation of Marker Adjusted EPDs • Develop haplotyped markers TGGCAC AGGCTC TGCTTG TGGCTC TGCCTC TGCTTC TACTTC

  9. Implementation of Marker Adjusted EPDs • Develop haplotyped markers TGGCAC 10% AGGCTC 14% TGCTTG 21% TGGCTC 25% TGCCTC 17% • Functional alleles • AGCTC, TGCAC, TGCTC • TGCTC, TGTTC, TGTTG, TATTC TGCTTC 1% TACTTC 12%

  10. Implementation of Marker Adjusted EPDs • Validate/replicate and estimate effect (different genetics and environment) • Evaluate interaction of different markers for the same trait • Evaluate effect upon additional traits • Selection pressure for each gene based upon effect of allele substitution, gene interaction, effects on different traits, and breeding objectives • Need some continual phenotyping to estimate effect

  11. Genes affecting additional traits • Carcass traits- marbling , tenderness • Growth – bend growth curve • Milk production- composition • Feed efficiency – expensive to measure • Reproduction- dissect components • Twinning population • Health traits - difficult to measure • Utilize genetic diversity- crossbreeding

  12. Additional uses for DNA markers • Parentage • Verification system for animal identification • Same markers used for parentage and animal ID • Government subsidize genotyping • Who maintains database and has access??? • Added value with animal records

  13. MARC’s role in advancing cattle genomics • BAC map, genome sequence, pedigree populations • Identify additional markers, QTLs (publicly available) • Develop haplotype system • Provide GPE cycle 7 as a validating population • Published or patent submitted • Not for product development • Work with NBCEC to incorporate DNA markers with EPDs

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