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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy

Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy. 1824-1840. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 Who were the four candidates of the 1824 election and what was their party affiliation? John C Calhoun was running for vice president under which two candidates?

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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy

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  1. Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840

  2. The “Corrupt Bargain” of 1824 • Who were the four candidates of the 1824 election and what was their party affiliation? • John C Calhoun was running for vice president under which two candidates? • Who won many of the popular votes but not the majority in the electoral college? • With the electoral college deadlock, who had to determine the next president? • Clay was the bottom candidate for president but what role did he play in the decision making process? • Describe Jackson and Clay’s relationship. • Describe Jackson and Adam’s relationship. • Who was elected president in 1825? • Who received the position of secretary of state? • Who considered this a “corrupt bargain”? • Even if the bargain wasn’t corrupt, why was this significant?

  3. A Yankee Misfit in the White House • Describe John Quincy Adams. • JQA was the first “minority president.” Why is this significant? • Why did Adams supporters want him to strike a few more bargains? • Adams was a confirmed nationalist, what did he call for in his annual message? • How did the public respond to his nationalist message? • How did Adams deal with the Native Americans? • Going “Whole Hog” for Jackson in 1828 • When did the presidential campaign for Jackson begin? • Describe the two Republican parties. • How was Jackson portrayed throughout his campaign and how accurate was this portrayal? • How did Adam’s backers respond to Jackson’s campaign? • What rumors did Jackson spread about Adams? • Who supported Jackson in 1828 and who supported Adams? • Who won the election of 1828?

  4. Old Hickory as President • Describe Andrew Jackson. • Describe Andrew Jackson’s upbringing. • Why could Jackson be considered unique. • Why did the masses come to Washington after Jackson was elected? • What happened at the white house after Jackson was elected? • How did conservatives feel about Jackson and the masses in Washington? • The Spoils System • Define the spoils system. • How did Jackson defend the spoils system? • Washington did need new blood, but why was the spoils system problematic? • Describe the scandals involved with the spoils system. • Even though the spoils system was corrupt, explain why it was important.

  5. The Tricky “Tariff of Abominations” • Why were tariffs a “big headache” for presidents to deal with? • Who supported the tariffs? • Why did Jackson support a high tariff in 1828? • How did the South respond to the tariff of 1828? • What were the deeper issues around the southern outcry? • What was happening to the institution of slavery? • What was the South Carolina Exposition, who wrote it and why was it significant? • “Nullies” in South Carolina • What was the goal of the nullies? • Describe the tariff of 1832 and how did the south feel about it? • How did the election of 1832 in South Carolina affect the nullies? • The convention called the tariff null and void within South Carolina, but what else did the delegates threaten to do? • How did Andrew Jackson respond to the nullies in South Carolina? • What role did Henry Clay play in the nullification issue? • What was the Force Bill and why was it significant? • How did the Columbia Convention respond to the compromise and the Force Bill?

  6. The Trail of Tears • In the 1790s, how did the US government respond to Native Americans? • What was The Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians? • Why did congress appropriate 20k for Native education? • How did The Cherokees of Georgia respond to assimilation? • Who were the members of the “five civilized tribes”? • How did the Georgia legislature respond to the Cherokee tribe in 1828? • The Supreme Court sided with The Cherokees three times, but how did Jackson respond? • What was Jackson’s plan for the remaining Eastern tribes? • Describe the Indian Removal Act. • Describe the Bureau of Indian Affairs. • How did the Fox and Sauk tribes respond to the Removal Act? • How did the Seminole tribe respond to the Removal Act?

  7. The Bank War • Jackson didn’t like the Bank of the United States, why? • What powers did the Bank of the United States hold? • Why did many consider Biddle’s power unconstitutional? • Why didn’t people of the West like the Bank of the US? • Why did Clay try to push through a Bank recharter four years early? • How did Jackson respond to Clay’s recharter and why is this significant? • How did Jackson’s decision amplify the power of the president? • “Old Hickory” Wallops Clay in 1832 • Who were the candidates of the election of 1832? • What were the Anti-Masonic party’s beliefs? • How did the Anti-Masonic party come about? • What were some other novel features of the election of 1832? • What advantages did Henry Clay have over Jackson? • Who won the election of 1832?

  8. Burying Biddle’s Bank • Why did Jackson want to bury the Bank of the US and how did he go about this? • How did Jackson’s advisors feel about his plan? • How did Biddle respond to Jackson’s plan? • How did the economy respond to the death of the Bank of the US? • What were “pet banks” and “wild cat banks” • What was the Specie Circular and how did it impact the economy? • The Birth of the Whigs • Why did the new party decide to call themselves Whigs? • What was the cement of the Whig party? • Who were the prominent members of the Whigs? • Who joined the Whig party? • What did the Whig party support in relation to government programs? • How did the Whigs portray Jackson?

  9. The Election of 1836 • Who was Jackson’s choice for President. • What was the Whig’s strategy during the election of 1836? • Who was the Whig’s favorite son? • Who won the election of 1836? • Big Woes for the “Little Magician” • Describe Martin Van Buren. • Why did Van Buren receive the resentment of many Democrats? • How did Van Buren respond to a rebellion in Canada in 1837? • What other issues did Van Buren inherit from Jackson?

  10. Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury • What was the cause of the financial panic of 1837? • Beyond speculation, what else caused the crash? • How did global financial issues affect America? • What were some of the effects of the crash? • How did Whigs respond to the crash? • How did Van Buren respond to the crash? • Describe the “Divorce Bill”. • How did the rest of America respond to the “Divorce Bill”? • Describe the Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 and it’s significance. • Gone to Texas • Why did the new regime in Mexico City grant Austin land in Texas? • How did Texas settlers respond to Mexico City’s requests? • Describe the settlers of Texas. • Describe some of the prominent Texas settlers. • Why was slavery an issue in Texas? • What happened when Austin went to Mexico City?

  11. The Long Star Rebellion • When did Texans declare their independence and who was their leader? • How did Mexico respond? • Describe the Alamo and its significance. • How did Houston defeat Santa Anna’s troops? • What terms were “agreed” upon by Santa Anna? • Jackson recognized the Lone Star Republic but didn’t accept them into the Union. Why? • Log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840 • Who was the Democratic candidate and who was the Whig candidate of the election of 1840? • Describe William Henry Harrison and why did he make a good candidate? • Describe the Whigs campaign. • Why were the log cabin and hard cider symbols significant? • Harrison was not raised in a log cabin, describe his upbringing. • Who won the election of 1840? • What was the real issue of the election of 1840 and how did each party plan on responding?

  12. Politics for the People • Why was “democracy” a major change since the Era of Good Feelings? • How did candidates have to portray themselves to gain the popular vote? • How did the upper class feel about this change and did this lead to any changes? • The Two-Party System • How was a durable two-party system a dramatic change? • How does Jeffersonian Republicanism relate to both the Democrats and the Whigs? • In what did the Jacksonian Democrats believe? • In what did the Whigs believe? • What did the two parties have in common? • How did social and geographic diversity affect both parties?

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