Classification and Phylogeny

1. Classification and Phylogeny All these notes are in Chapter 46

2. Figure 26.3 Species: Panthera pardus Genus: Panthera Family: Felidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Kingdom: Animalia Domain: Bacteria Domain: Archaea Domain: Eukarya

3. Linneaus • CarolusLinneaus (1707-1778) is the father of modern taxonomy. He conceived of giving each organism a unique scientific name bases on its classification. • Binomial nomenclature • Linneaus was a classifying savant.

4. How to write a scientific name • 1. • 2. • 3 • (Binomial Nomenclature)

5. Figure 26.5 Branch point: where lineages diverge Taxon A Taxon B Sister taxa Taxon C Taxon D Taxon E ANCESTRAL LINEAGE Taxon F Basal taxon Taxon G This branch point forms a polytomy: an unresolved pattern of divergence. This branch point represents the common ancestor of taxa A–G.

6. New Slide • Read, “What we Can and Cannot Learn from Phylogenetic Trees”- page 539

7. Page 544 • Read Caption to 26.12, page 544, while viewing the next picture

8. Figure 26.11 Lancelet (outgroup) TAXA Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Lamprey Leopard Turtle Bass Frog Vertebral column (backbone) Bass 0 1 1 1 1 1 Vertebral column Hinged jaws 0 0 1 1 1 1 Frog Hinged jaws Four walking legs 0 0 0 1 1 CHARACTERS 1 Turtle Four walking legs 0 0 0 0 1 1 Amnion Amnion Leopard Hair 0 0 0 0 1 0 Hair (b) Phylogenetic tree (a) Character table

9. Figure 26.11b Lancelet (outgroup) Lamprey Bass Vertebral column Frog Hinged jaws Turtle Four walking legs Amnion Leopard Hair (b) Phylogenetic tree

11. Hammerkop- South Africa