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COLD INJURY PREVENTION

COLD INJURY PREVENTION. Environmental Health 596-1062. Chilblains Immersion Foot Trench Foot Frost Bite Hypothermia. Snow Blindness Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Dehydration Heat Exhaustion. TYPES OF COLD WEATHER INJURIES. SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS. 1. Previous Cold Weather Injury

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COLD INJURY PREVENTION

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  1. COLD INJURY PREVENTION Environmental Health 596-1062

  2. Chilblains Immersion Foot Trench Foot Frost Bite Hypothermia Snow Blindness Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Dehydration Heat Exhaustion TYPES OF COLD WEATHER INJURIES

  3. SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS 1. Previous Cold Weather Injury 2. Rank Below E-4 3. Fatigue 4. Race and Geographic Origin 5. Nutrition: 3000 to 4000 calories 6. Overactive or Immobile

  4. SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORSCont. 7. Alcohol, Drugs, or Tobacco 8. Exposed Situation: Guard Duty, Sleeping Areas, Vehicles 9. Wind Velocity 10. Temperature of Exposure 11. Duration of Exposure

  5. USE OF ACRONYM C.O.L.D. A. C = keep it clean B. O = avoid overheating C. L = wear it in loose layers. D. D = keep it dry.

  6. CHILBLAINS Inflammatory swelling or sore, usually below 50 degrees F. with high humidity.

  7. CHILBLAINS1. Symptoms • Pale and colorless • Upon rewarming, red in color • Hot, tender, and itchy • Skin may blister

  8. CHILBLAINS2. First Aid • Mild Case: Warm and dry gently • Severe Case: Dry sterile dressing and protect from further exposure

  9. CHILBLAINS3. Prevention • Protect exposed areas with adequate clothing • Use the “Buddy System”

  10. TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT Results from prolonged exposure of skin to cold or wet conditions, usually at 50 degrees F or colder

  11. TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT1. Symptoms • Cold toes and feet • Swollen • Discolored • Waxy and numb • Blisters may develop

  12. TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT2. First Aid • Dry feet carefully • Apply foot powder • Clean and wrap loosely • Do Not break blisters • Evacuate to nearest medical facility

  13. TRENCH/IMMERSION FOOT3. Prevention • Keep feet dry • Avoid tight boots • Exercise feet and legs • Wear proper clothing

  14. FROSTBITE Freezing of tissue or moisture in the skin due to exposure to temperatures below 32 degrees F

  15. FROSTBITE1. Symptoms • Loss of sensation or numb feeling • Sudden blanching of the skin, followed by tingling feeling • Redness of skin in light-skinned people Grayish color in dark-skinned people

  16. FROSTBITESymptoms cont. • Blisters may develop: 24-36 hours (superficial) 12-30 (deep) • Swelling or tender areas • Loss of previous sensation of pain in affected areas • Pale, yellowish, waxy looking skin • Frozen tissue, solid to the touch

  17. FROSTBITE2. First Aid • Protect injury from further cold • Move casualty to warm area • Warm affected area evenly with body heat • Improve circulation by exercise • Remove constricting clothing and jewelry • Reassure the casualty

  18. FROSTBITEFirst Aid cont. • Do Not rub the affected area with snow • Do Not rewarm the affected area by massaging or exposing to open flame • Do Not allow the casualty to walk if feet are frozen • Do Not attempt to thaw seriously frozen areas

  19. FROSTBITE3. Prevention • Eat properly and often • Wear clothing properly • Avoid direct skin exposure • Do Not stay inactive for long periods • Use the “buddy system” to check exposed areas

  20. HYPOTHERMIA Medical term for lowered core body temperature, caused by exposure to cold. Aggravated by wet conditions.

  21. HYPOTHERMIA1. Symptoms • Pale skin • Dizziness • Drowsiness • Disoriented • Slurred speech • Stumbling • Mind dimmed

  22. HYPOTHERMIASymptoms cont. • Body slows down • Exercise tires you quicker • Casualty stops shivering • Person wants to lay down and sleep • Pulse is faint or undetectable • Unconsciousness • DEATH

  23. HYPOTHERMIA2. First Aid • Rewarm body evenly and without delay • Keep dry and protect from elements • Give food and warm liquids to produce body heat • Do not massage casualty • Do not give casualty alcohol

  24. HYPOTHERMIAFirst Aid (Severe) • Evacuate immediately • Avoid further heat loss • Handle gently • Stabilize temperature

  25. HYPOTHERMIA3. Prevention • Eat properly and often • Dress in layers • Drink plenty of water • Stay physically fit • Keep active • Stay dry

  26. SNOW BLINDNESS Inflammation and sensitivity caused by exposure of the eyes to ultraviolet light rays reflected by the snow or ice

  27. SNOW BLINDNESS1. Symptoms • Feeling of grit or sand in eyes • Pain in and over the eyes • Watering and redness of the eyes • Headache

  28. SNOW BLINDNESS2. First Aid • Instruct casualty not to move his/her eyes • Protect eyes with bandages or sunglasses • Seek medical attention

  29. SNOW BLINDNESS3. Prevention • Wear sunglasses • Use improvised sunglasses • Don’t wait until discomfort begins to wear sunglasses

  30. CARBON MONOXIDE Colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. Created by incomplete combustion.

  31. CARBON MONOXIDE1. Symptoms • Headache, nausea, dimmed vision, dizziness, and chest pain • Symptoms may or may not give warning prior to collapse • Skin turns cherry red

  32. CARBON MONOXIDE2. First Aid • Move casualty to fresh air • Artificial respiration if necessary • Keep warm and allow the casualty to rest

  33. CARBON MONOXIDE3. Prevention • Assure proper ventilation • Don’t use unvented engines or equipment • Turn heaters off when not needed (during sleep) or provide fire guard

  34. Heat Exhaustion 1. Symptoms • Mouth, tongue and throat become parched and dry. • A feeling of general tiredness and weakness sets in. • Muscle cramps • Sudden loss of consciousness.

  35. Heat Exhaustion 2. First Aid • Keep the victim warm, but loosen clothing • Gradually feed the victim warm liquids • They will need plenty of rest • Get the victim to medical personnel as soon as possible

  36. Heat Exhaustion 3. Prevention • Increase water intake • Take off clothing in layers when working

  37. Dehydration1. Symptoms • Fatigue • Dark urine

  38. Dehydration2. First Aid • Take casualty to cool, shaded area • Have casualty drink water in small sips

  39. Dehydration3. Prevention • Increase water intake • If urine is dark, more water is needed

  40. UNIFORM WEARMilitary Cold-Weather System Principles • INSULATE • LAYER • VENTILATE

  41. UNIFORM WEARExtended Cold-Weather Clothing System • First Layer-Polypropylene undershirt and shorts • Second Layer-Synthetic Fiber Pile shirt and polyester trouser liners • Third Layer-Polyester field jacket liner and field trousers

  42. UNIFORM WEARCont. • Fourth Layer-Windproof, waterproof parka and trousers • Fifth Layer-Camouflage over whites

  43. REFERENCE MATERIAL • AR 40-5 • TB MED 508 • TC 21-3 • FM 21-10 • FM 21-11

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