Origins of World War II:

1. SSUSH19: Examine the origins, major developments, and the domestic impact of World War ll, including the growth of the federal government.

2. a. Investigate the origins of US involvement in the war including Lend-Lease and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

3. Origins of World War II: • Majority of Americans opposed war when it broke out in 1939 • Many believed American involvement in World War I had been a mistake • In order to avoid war again, US government passed the Neutrality Act (1939): countries at war could purchase weapons from the US but had to pay cash & carry on their own ships; usually benefited the Allies (Britain & France)

4. Lend-Lease Program: • Passed 9 months before Pearl Harbor • Supplied UK, Soviet Union, China, France and other allied nations with a vast amounts of war material • 1941-1945 • Signed into law on March 11th, 1941 • This act ended American neutrality • Hitler recognized this and in response ordered German submarines to attack U.S vessels

5. Question • Where is Pearl Harbor located? • Why is this a vital spot for the Japanese to attack?

6. Pearl Harbor: • Also called “Operation Z” by Japanese Imperial General Headquarters. • Surprise attack on Pearl Harbor • December 7th, 1941 • Conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy • Over 2,400 Americans were killed • War Declared on Japan the next day. • Resulting into the US entry into World War ll.

7. Main Goals of the Japanese for the Attack • Destroy the Aircraft Carriers • They were out at sea, away from the Harbor. • Destroy as many of the other ships as possible (Mainly Battleships)- USS Arizona completely sunk killing 1177 crew members. • Cripple the US Navy in attempt to immobilize them for a target of 6 months • Destroy the Oil Supply • Would potentially immobilize the Pacific Fleet for a estimated span of 2 years.

11. b. Examine the Pacific Theater including the difficulties the US faced in delivering weapons, food, & medical supplies to troops, the Battle of Midway, Manhattan Project and the dropping of the atomic bombs.

12. Pacific Theater: • Fighting was primarily at sea or launched from sea • Island hopping & island invasions • More up-close fighting • Japanese land soldiers & Kamikaze pilots would fight to the death • V-J Day: August 1945

13. Difficulties in the Pacific Theater: • Distance • More resources were going to the war in Europe so the Pacific Theater faced outdated weapons & shortages • No place to transport or store supplies in the Pacific • Climate in the Pacific was hot and humid & caused food to spoil • Difficult to deliver food, weapons, & supplies to troops in the region

14. Battle of Midway • Was the most important naval battle in the Pacific in WWII • June 4-7 1942, approx six months after Pearl Harbor • Major win for the U.S, as they defeated the Imperial Japanese Navy • Caused irreparable damage to the Japanese Fleet • Led to the beginning of “Island-Hopping”

15. Battle of Midway • How did the Battle of Midway change the war in the Pacific?

16. Island-Hopping • Counter-offensive strike • Capture specific islands to take power away from the elite Japanese pacific fleet. • Gen. MacArthur • Commander of Allied forces in the SW Pacific

17. Los Alamos & the atomic bombs: • Also known as “Site Y”and the Los Alamos National Laboratory. • Los Alamos, New Mexico • Largest science and technology institution in the world. • One of the places the atomic bomb was created and tested.

18. Manhattan Project: • We wanted to beat the Germans. • Develop the bomb and create enriched Uranium before the Nazis did. • Manhattan Project • $2 billion ($22 billion today) • 30 different sites. 10 on Manhattan Island (Project Name) • Made it for intimidation….. Turned into a weapon of Mass Destruction. • We dropped 2 on Japan in the cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki • This totally devastated their country.

19. Fat Man and Little Boy(The bombs dropped on Japan by the Enola Gay) Hit Nagasaki Hit Hiroshima

26. c. Examine the European Theater including the difficulties the US faced in delivering weapons, food, and medical supplies to troops, D-Day, and the Fall of Berlin.

27. European Theater: • Fighting was primarily land-based • Large scale bombing raids • More countries involved • German soldier tended to surrender when defeat was apparent • V-E Day: May 1945

28. D-Day • The landing of the Allied invasion along the beaches of Normandy, France • AKA Operation Overlord and Neptune during WWII • June 6th 1944 • Conducted in two phases: • Air Assault- landing of 24,000 British, American, Canadian, and Free French airborne troops. • Amphibious landing- of Allied infantry on the coast of France • Mass numbers of casualties on both sides • Allied Victory!

29. Facts of D-Day • Was the largest amphibious invasion of all time, with 160,000 troops (What does amphibious mean?) • Over 5,000 ships were in use • Total width of the D-Day invasion= 61.7 miles • Until the very last minute, Normandy was the most heavily guarded secret • 17 Million maps supported the mission, Training maps used fake names

31. Saving Private Ryan • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPU4p7UQOtU&feature=fvsr • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqSg7WO4tT4

32. Battle of Berlin: • One of the final battles of the European Theater • Two Soviet groups attacked Berlin from the east and south, while a third attacked German forces from the north • Soviets lost 81,116 men and the Germans lost 458,080 men while trying to take the city • One of the bloodiest of the war • Hitler was in Berlin during the battle and before the battle ended, he committed suicide

34. d. Investigate the domestic impact of war including war mobilization, as indicated by rationing, wartime conversion, & the role of women & African Americans or Blacks.

35. Domestic impacts: • When the US became fully involved in WWII, the nation went into total war effort • FDR created the War Productions Board: responsibility was to regulate the production of materials & fuel • Stopped production of non-essential goods (automobiles) & began rationing (saving) gasoline & rubber • Factories began producing war goods

36. War Mobilization • To prepare the country for war Roosevelt created the War Production Board to help regulate the switch to war time production • The automobile industry switched to almost exclusively making tanks, jeeps, trucks, and airplanes

37. Rationing • Began in 1942 • Rationing of food, gas, and even clothing were common • In order to buy food, Americans had to use ration stamps • Quantities were based on family size • Americans were asked to conserve on everything

38. Question • When did women also work outside of the home when men were off at war?

39. Role of Woman • Over 6 million woman took wartime jobs in factories or took the filling role for men • 3 million woman volunteered with the Red Cross • And over 200,000 woman served in the military • The most famous propaganda tool used to draw women into the workforce was “Rosie the Riveter”

40. African Americans: • Hoped the war might provide jobs & help their economic status • Many joined organizations that promoted equal rights (NAACP) • Nearly 1 million joined the war effort but served in segregated units

41. A. Philip Randolph: • A. Philip Randolph marched to D.C. to fight against segregation in the US Armed Forces. • Establishing protections against Discrimination. • Tried to pressure the government and President FDR into equal rights for everyone to be in the Military. • “If it cost money to finance a march on Washington, let Negroes pay for it. If any sacrifices are made for Negro rights in National Defense, let Negroes make them.”

42. e. Examine Roosevelt’s use of executive powers including the integration of defense industries and the internment of Japanese-Americans

43. FDR’s Response • Tried to persuade Randolph out of it. • When persuasion failed, Executive order 8802 was issued. Barring discrimination in defense industries and federal bureaus. • The Fair Employment Act • Required all contracts of Federal Agencies have a provision stating not to “discriminate against someone of a different race, color, creed, or nationality in reasons of employment.” • When this occurred, the March was called off.

44. Japanese Internment • Relocation and Internment of approx. 110,000 Japanese American citizens. • Japanese Americans who were too close to the Pacific Coast. • Government afraid of spies. • Referred to as “War Relocation Camps” • FDR authorized the Internment with Executive order 9066 on February 19th, 1942 • Allowed Military commanders to designate exclusion areas for Japanese American “terrorist”.