How has colour been applied to the fabric? Has dye been used to colour the fabric?

1. STARTER Look at the products in in front of you- Try to consider these things about them- Write your thoughts on the paper • How has colour been applied to the fabric? • Has dye been used to colour the fabric? • Have threads and fabrics been used to colour the fabric? • Has the texture, feel and properties of the fabric been changed by the decoration?

2. Appliqué How to do appliqué • Appliqué is where one fabric is attached on top of another using either hand or machine stitches. • It is a good way of using up scrap fabrics and can also reinforce areas that might get a lot of wear and tear, or cover up damage to a product. • Appliqué is often interfaced to give it body and strength. Bondaweb can also be used to hold appliqué in place while stitching. • Lockstitch the fabric shape into place (interfacing can be used to add body and strength). Bondaweb can be used to hold it in place. • Machine a row of tight zigzag stitches close to the edge of the fabric.

3. Quilting How to quilt • Quilting is the sewing together of a sandwich of several layers of fabric to produce a 3D padded effect. Wadding is usually used in the centre of quilting but fabric can also be used depending on the padded effect that is required. • Quilted fabrics provide insulation and are often used for coats and clothing. They can also provide protection. Traditionally, quilted fabrics were used under suits of armour to protect the wearer. fabric Side view • Layer up your fabrics with a layer of wadding in the centre • Machine stitch a design to create the padded affect wadding

4. Patchwork How to do patchwork • Cut out a range of fabric pieces from different shapes • Sew them together to create an appealing pattern. Patchwork is a technique where fabric shapes are cut out and sewn back together to make a new fabric. This is a good way of using recycled fabrics. A variety of different fabric shapes can be cut out and sewn together. Coloured and patterned fabrics can be used to create images and patterns.

5. Embroidery • Exam Tip • If you are planning on using embroidery in a design questions- try to be specific • Name a stitch! • Is it by hand or by CAM? • Embroidery refers to the use of threads and stitches to decorate the surface of a fabric. It can be carried out by hand or by machine. • There are different types of hand embroidery but they are all time consuming to do. If hand embroidery is done on a product to be sold in the shops this can add to the costs considerably because of the labour costs. French knots Blanket stitch Chain stitch CAM embroidery Satin stitch Couching

6. Other embellishment techniques Shisha work • An Indian technique where small mirrors are embroidered onto fabric. Beads and sequins • Can also be used to decorate products. As with embroidery they are time consuming to sew on and increase the cost of a manufactured product. Exam Tip Sequins can be sewn on by hand or machine but beads can only be sewn on by hand- Consider the moral/ cost implications of this!

7. Printing and dyeing • Printing is the application of a dye to the surface of a fabric to create a coloured or pattern finish. Dyes used for printing tend to be of a thicker consistency than the watery dyes used for dyeing. • Dyeing is where fabric is immersed into a dye bath and all the fabric changes colour. The fibre, yarn, fabric or product can be dyed: fibre dyeing being the most expensive and product dyeing being the cheapest method. • Both printed and dyed fabrics are fixed with heat so they are colourfast and don’t run when washed or rubbed.

8. Smart dyes • ‘Smart’ dyes react to heat (thermochromic) or UV light (photochromic) by changing colour. Phosphorescent dyes store up light energy and transform it into visible light. • They are used for fun fashion products and can also be used medically to indicate temperature changes or as a sun warning in children’s clothing. • The dyes can be used on fabrics, sewing threads and beads.

11. Block Printing • Block printing is the traditional method by which fabrics were printed. Wooden blocks were carved with designs and these were then coated with dye and stamped onto fabric.

12. Screen Printing • Screen printing uses a frame covered in a mesh and a squeegie to push ink onto a fabric • Cheap to set up and very effective

13. Tie and dye How to do Tie and Dye • Tie and dye involves fabric being tied with string, elastic bands or in knots and then dipped in dye. The way the fabric is tied and folded changes the pattern that is made. • Tie a fabric at intervals, • dip in ink and leave to dry- • remove elastic bands/ string

14. Batik • Batik is a resist technique that uses wax to resist the dye. • Hot wax is applied to the fabric using a tjanting tool and when cool the fabric is dipped in the dye. • When the fabric is dry the wax is ironed off with absorbent paper. • A characteristic of batik is the cracking of the wax which gives a distinctive fine line cracked effect on the fabric. • In industry, rollers can print wax onto fabric.

15. Explain why appliqué would be a suitable technique to decorate a textiles product with. Revision tip • The wording of this question could be changed to include any method of decorating a fabric. Revision tip PDQPEAS – Pretty Damn Quick PEAS • Printing • Dyeing • Quilting • Patchwork • Embroidery • Appliqué • Sequins and beads

17. Explain why appliqué would be a suitable technique to decorate a textiles product with.