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10/18. Turn in Berry-Full of DNA lab Pick up new notes – DNA and Cell Cycle NEW SEATS TODAY!  . Warm-up: DNA. What does DNA stand for? Where do we find DNA? How do crime scene investigators use DNA to solve crimes? . NUCLEIC ACIDS Flow of biological information:

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10/18

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  1. 10/18 • Turn in Berry-Full of DNA lab • Pick up new notes – DNA and Cell Cycle • NEW SEATS TODAY! 

  2. Warm-up: DNA • What does DNA stand for? • Where do we find DNA? • How do crime scene investigators use DNA to solve crimes?

  3. NUCLEIC ACIDS • Flow of biological information: • DNA RNA protein trait • DNA deoxyribonucleic acidcarries the genetic code (stores and transmits the genetic information • from one generation to the next) • parents offspring • DNA is a type of organic compound and an example of a Nucleic Acid • B. Chromosomes are made of DNA and are located in the nucleus only

  4. Model of DNA: The model was developed by James Watsonand Francis Crick. They received a Nobel Prize in 1962 for their work. First picture of DNA (X-ray) – Rosalind Franklin The model looks like a twisted ladder – double helix

  5. Watson Crick Died in 2004

  6. Nucleotide Untwisted it looks like this: The sides of the ladder are P = phosphate group S = deoxyribose sugar The steps of the ladder are C, G, T, A = nitrogenous bases (contain N) Purine Pyrimidine A and G = purines T and C = pyrimidines

  7. 2 H bonds A = adenine T = thymine pairs 3 H bonds C = cytosine G = guanine pairs

  8. RECALL… • One Phosphate + one Sugar + one Base = one nucleotide • Nucleotides are the building blocks (monomer) of DNA (polymer)

  9. When would your body need more cells? How do we get more or new cells?

  10. II. DNA Replication • A. Cell division produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and genetically identical to the parent cell • B. Remember that for this to happen, DNA in the parent cell must be replicated (copied) before cell division

  11. STEP 1 STEP 2 Hydrogen bonds between base pairs are broken by the enzyme Helicase and DNA molecule unzips DNA molecule separates into complementary halves

  12. STEP 3 Nucleotides match up with complementary bases Free nucleotides abundant in nucleus

  13. STEP 4 Nucleotides are linked into 2 new strands of DNA by the enzyme, DNA polymerase—DNA Polymerase also proofreads for copying errors New Strand OriginalStrand

  14. III. Ribonucleic acid – RNA -- acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, and carries out the process by which proteins are made from amino acids. Protein = polymer Amino Acids = monomer A. Different from DNA: 1. RNA’s sugar -- ribose DNA’s sugar – deoxyribose 2. RNA – single strand of nucleotides DNA – double strand of nucleotides (double helix)

  15. 3. RNA has uracil instead of – thymine When RNA pairs with DNA to get its code: RNA cytosine (C) pairs with DNA – guanine G RNA guanine (G) pairs with DNA – cytosine C RNA adenine (A) pairs with DNA – thymine T RNA uracil (U) pairs with DNA – adenine A  4. RNA found – inside and outside nucleus (small – single strand) DNA found – inside nucleus only (large – double strand)

  16. B. 3 types of RNA involved in Protein Synthesis– mRNA messenger RNA tRNA transfer RNA rRNA ribosomal RNA

  17. Complete the chart by reading each term or phrase and placing a check in the appropriate column.

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