Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) Status Briefing

1. Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) Status Briefing ACP WG-M, Bangkok, Thailand FAA/Brent Phillips February 1, 2011

2. Agenda of Topics • Background FCS (AP-17) and resulting PLAs • Overview and status of FY10 activities: • Prototype AeroMACS network in the Cleveland Test Bed • Spectrum interference results • Channelization studies. • Status of AeroMACS profile development under RTCA • Plans for FY11 activities

3. Background • Future Communications Study (AP-17), ICAO Aeronautical Communications Panel, Recommendation #1: • Develop a new system based on the IEEE 802.16e standard operating in the C-band and supporting the airport surface environment. • NextGen Implementation Plans (FY09, FY10 & FY11) to improve collaborative Air Traffic Management includes “New ATM Requirements: Future Communications” • Concepts of use, preliminary requirements, and architecture for C-band airport surface wireless communication system • Test bed infrastructure to enable validation of aviation profile 3

4. Potential AeroMACS Service Categories in U.S. • Port Authority, Commercial? • FAA, FTI, Others? • ARINC, SITA, Airlines, Others? 4

5. AeroMACS Service Examples and Provision Options 5

6. AeroMACS NASA-CLE CNS Test Bed • CNS Test Bed at NASA Glenn and adjacent Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) already includes Sensis’ precision multilateration (MLAT) surveillance and unlicensed WiFi network • ITT’s AeroMACS prototype implements features required to support mobile and stationary wideband communications for safety and regularity of flight services in an operational airport environment • Full prototype network has been installed, including user verification and security with Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server function • AeroMACS hardware and network installation completed in October 2009 with two multi-sector base stations providing wide area coverage and redundancy (one on Glenn property, one on CLE) and eight subscriber stations (two on Glenn, six on CLE) • AeroMACS operational capability established in March 2010

7. NASA-Cleveland Test Bed AeroMACS Network Layout GRC B500 SS NASA Glenn Research Center GRC B4 BS & Backhaul AZ =55° ° Private Hangar SS AZ= 200° Subscriber Stations GRC B110 Core Server & Backhaul AZ = 45° AZ = 295° ARFF BS & Backhaul Backhaul Consolidated Maintenance Facility SS Terminal C SS Snow Barn SS AZ = 185° Approach Lighting SS Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport Base Stations Glycol Tanks SS Core Server

8. Two-Sector Base Station Located at NASA Glenn Hangar Building 4 GPS ODU GPS ODU BTS 1-1 ODU BTS 1-2 ODU 11 GHz Backhaul ODU

9. Three-Sector Base Station Located at CLE Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) Building GPS ODUs 11 GHz Data Backhaulto B110 ARFF Building and Observation Deck BS ODUs (3)

10. Subscriber Station Installation Example on Sensis MLAT Equipment at NASA Glenn Building 500 Sensis Multilateration MLAT Remote Unit Equipment ITT AeroMACS Subscriber Station Electronics Enclosure ITT AeroMACS Subscriber Station ODU

11. AeroMACS FY10 Evaluations • Measure data throughput and packet integrity for the following conditions: • 5 and 10 MHz channel bandwidths • Stationary and mobile subscriber stations at speeds of at least 40 knots • Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (N-LOS) propagation links • Presence of adjacent channel activity • Mobility tests with hand-off transition between base station coverage sectors and between base stations • Determine minimum transmit power required to maintain a minimum level of link performance: • Single subscriber station antenna • MIMO antenna diversity • Characterize link performance when transferring sensor data from MLAT sensors in test bed • Mixture of data traffic streams • Traffic priority setting with Quality of Service (QoS) settings

12. Initial Data Throughput Measurements Between Buildings 500 and 4 • Initial data throughput measurement results available for links between NASA Building 500 and two Base Station sectors at NASA Building 4 • > 6.5 Mbps in Downlink direction (BS to SS) • > 4 Mbps in Uplink direction (SS to BS) • Conditions • 5 MHz Channel bandwidth • TDD ratio 60% (DL), 40% (UL) • TCP data traffic

13. Initial Channelization Methodology/Channel Plan • Select common channel bandwidths of 5 MHz or 10 MHz, not both • Proposed channel plan consisting of 11 usable 5 MHz channels (with stringent channel mask) or 5 usable 10 MHz channels within the current 59 MHz AM(R)S allocation (5091-5150 MHz) • Out-of-band (OOB) interference into adjacent aeronautical band (5030-5091 MHz) may be coordinated via ICAO for 11th 5 MHz channel Current AM(R)S Allocation for AeroMACS Other Aviation Allocation Non- Aviation Allocation 5091 MHz 5150 MHz 13

14. Spectrum Interference Initial Assessment • Establish limits on aggregated AeroMACS transmissions to not exceed interference threshold for MSS feeder links • Model based on Visualyse Professional 7 software from Transfinite Systems Limited • Includes: antennas, stations, carriers, links, and interference paths to determined signal, interference, and noise levels. • Preliminary model included all 703 US towered airports; Refined model benchmarks MITRE case for omni antennas at 497 major US towered airports • Interference threshold (-157.374 dB) met with maximum base station transmitted power of 447 mW for 10-MHz channels and 224 mW for 5-MHz channels • Plan to increase complexity and realism of interference models: • Multi-sector antennas; multiple base and subscriber stations per airport; co-channel and adjacent band; proximity; frequency reuse; multipath signal propagation Power Flux Density at Low Earth Orbit from 497 US Airports Acceptable Interference Threshold for 5 MHz Channels 14

15. Funded Research Activities in FY11 • Evaluate a selected ATC mobile application on the aeronautical mobile airport communications system (AeroMACS) • Investigate and resolve remaining issues affecting the final AeroMACS profile inputs to the MOPS process Evaluate and recommend mobile Source Station (SS) MIMO antenna configurations for mobile SSs Optimize AeroMACS system-level performance (QoS, data throughput, latency, error rate) within ITU limitations on radiated power Resolve channel BW and center frequency spacing plans to satisfy US and European objectives while preserving Spectrum Office flexibility and compatibility with WiMAX Forum practices Validate that the proposed AeroMACS complies with interference requirements for the US proposed allocation at World Radiocommunications Conference in 2012.

16. RTCA SC-223 • RTCA Program Management Council approved SC-223 in July 2009 for Airport Surface Wireless Communications standard development • Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) profile is based on IEEE 802.16-2009 standard • Recent Meetings held: • 17-18 August 2010 at NASA in Cleveland, Ohio (USA) • 28-30 September 2010 as joint RTCA-223 and EUROCAE WG-82 at EUROCONTROL in Brussels • 16-17 November 2010 at Washington D.C. (USA) • Next meeting 22-23 Melborne, FL (USA) • Draft AeroMACS profile complete. Document out for Final Recommendations and Comments (FRAC). • Minimum Operational Performance Standard (MOPS) process begins in February.

17. Approach for Technical Parameter Profile • System profile define AeroMACS operation in the unique airport surface environment • Profile based on IEEE 802.16-2009 broadband mobility standard • Leverages commercial mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) for profiles, hardware, software, and network architecture • Testing, analyses, and demos will validate that application needs are met • RTCA SC-223 is developing FAA profile recommendations; EUROCAE WG-82 is developing common profile for EUROCONTROL in parallel