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THE POSSIBILITY TO TRANSPORT BIOGAS IN NATURAL GAS PIPELINES

THE POSSIBILITY TO TRANSPORT BIOGAS IN NATURAL GAS PIPELINES. BIO CH 4. Arto Riikonen Manager, Customer Services Gasum Oy. CONTENTS. The Finnish natural gas grid Gas composition and gas quality requirements Alternative ways to utilize biogas Costs and competitiveness Conclusions.

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THE POSSIBILITY TO TRANSPORT BIOGAS IN NATURAL GAS PIPELINES

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  1. THE POSSIBILITY TO TRANSPORT BIOGAS IN NATURAL GAS PIPELINES BIO CH4 Arto Riikonen Manager, Customer Services Gasum Oy

  2. CONTENTS • The Finnish natural gas grid • Gas composition and gas quality requirements • Alternative ways to utilize biogas • Costs and competitiveness • Conclusions

  3. GASUM’S NATURAL GAS GRID Suomen Kaasuenergia supplies natural gas in Helsinki, Lohja, Kotka, Porvoo and Siuntio

  4. THE NATURAL GAS GRID High-pressure (max. 54 bar) transmission pipeline: 1,000 km Low-pressure (max. 8 bar) distribution pipeline: 1,500 km

  5. ORIGIN OF THE GAS: SIBERIA Transport distance: 3,300 km (well to Finnish border)

  6. NATURAL GAS COMPOSITIONSiberian Gas • Methane 98.4 mole-% • Ethane 0.6 mole-% • Propane 0.2 mole-% • Butane 0.05 mole-% • Pentane 0.01 mole-% • Hexane 0.00 mole-% • Total sulphur <1 mg/Nm3 • Heat value ~ 10 kWh/Nm3 (effective) (1 Nm3 NG equivalent of 1 liter of light fuel oil or diesel) CH4 NATURAL GAS IS A GAS WHICH IS COLOURLESS, NON-TOXIC AND SIGNIFICANTLY LIGHTER THAN AIR-> IT IS SAFE!

  7. COMPOSITION OF BIOGAS

  8. CH4 THE MOST IMPORTANT CRITERIA FOR CLEANED BIOGAS (PIPELINE COMPATIBLE GAS) • Gas quality should be comparable to natural gas • Heat value & composition • Wobbe number = heat value ,√d • where d = densitygas/densityair • Methane content • general requirement CH4 > 97 % • Sulphur content • natural gas typically < 1 mg/Nm3 • 20 mg/Nm3 acceptable

  9. CH4 AGE OF THE METHANE MOLECULE • Gas from Siberia • 150 million years • Landfill gas • some years • Sludge digester • some days • Cattle • some hours

  10. BIOGAS UPGRADING PLANT • The biogas has to be upgraded if fed into the natural gas pipeline system or used in vehicles • Several commercial clean-up technologies exist, e.g. • water scrubbing • PSA • Selexol • Less stringent treatment needed for heat and power

  11. CH4 TRANSPORTING GASOVER ROAD IS DIFFICULT

  12. PREFERRED TRANSPORT: PIPELINE Ecogas Ecogas Biogas Biogas Natural gas from Russia Ecogas Biogas Ecogas Green Gas Miljögas • Methane • Siberian methane • Bio-methane

  13. THE MOST CRITICALEND-USE APPLICATION: VEHICLES • For biogas, back-up fuel is needed • pipeline gas • LNG LNG storage

  14. Production costs Raw gas price BIOGAS UPGRADING COSTS

  15. COMPETITIVENESS • The fuel effect for natural gas in Finland is approximately 6,500 MW • 7 or 14 MW does not make a big difference • Under Finnish conditions the cost for upgraded biogas easily rises to the price level of natural gas • As long as no CO2 credit system exists(like in the case of vehicle fuel), cleaned biogas has to compete with natural gas

  16. CONCLUSIONS • The capability to pay for raw biogas is limited, costs for the clean-up process are rather high • The clean-up plants need subsidies(40 – 50 % of the investment) • All energy taxes should be waived for biogas (1.9 €/MWh for natural gas)

  17. FEEDING BIOGAS INTO THE NATURAL GAS GRID IS A COMMERCIAL PROBLEM, NOT A TECHNICAL PROBLEM!

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