Introduction to Technology for Business

1. Introduction to Technology for Business Anirban Banerjee Anirban@cs.ucr.edu University of California, Riverside

2. What is this talk about? • Idea about critical technology • Why is it important? • How to use it? • Implementation for businesses • Subsequent talks focus on individual technologies in-depth

3. Roadmap • Business and Technology • Technology Overview (9 AM -10:15 AM) • Break: 10-15 - 10:30 • Technology Overview (10:30 AM - 12 PM) • Break: 12 – 1 • Evaluation & Implementation (1 PM - 2 PM) • Break: 2 – 2:15 PM • Group Activity (2:15 PM - 3 PM)

4. Business and Technology • Are they related • Yes • Why • Business has evolved • Business has increased (1900 Vs 2008) • Customer demands have changed

5. Business and Technology • How has technology effected business • Can keep track of more material • How many cars produced in the China plant with V6 engines and sports package • Can provide better services • Personalized news updates • Can provide more innovative services • Blogging

6. Business and Technology • Who should be concerned • Multinational corporations • Regional firms • Small to medium scale • Why • Provide better, faster services • Compete in the market

7. Business and Technology • How to use technology • 4 Steps • Identify needs • Do market research • Evaluate products • Test and implement

8. Technology Overview • Computer Networks • Databases (Aug-5th) • Security (Aug-7th)

9. Technology Overview • Computer Networks: • Definitions • Elements • How Does the Internet Work • Some Common Questions • Performance Issues • Current Technologies and Tools • An example: eMail delivery

10. Computer Networks • Definitions • Internet • A network of networks • Computers linked to each other sharing and providing resources (e.g. web pages) • Link • A connection between two computers

11. Computer Networks • Definitions • Bit • A symbol of information • 1 or 0 , generated by electronic circuit • High Voltage :1 Low Voltage: 0 • Hello : 0110100001100101011011000110110001101111

12. Computer Networks • Definitions • Packet • A container for transferring information over a link • Has many sub-parts • Header, Payload and others • Payload • The part of a packet that carries your application data • E.g. the body of your email • Data is encoded in binary, 1 and 0

13. Computer Networks Packet Header • Definitions Payload

14. Computer Networks • Definitions • Packet

15. Computer Networks • Definitions • Source and Destination Source Destination

16. Computer Networks • Identifying Computers • Human: My name is Bob • Computer! • Uses IP addresses • 192.168.0.1 = Computer Bob • Uses MAC address • 00:d1:a1:45:78

17. Computer Networks • IPv4 addresses have 32 bits: 4 octets of bits • 128.32.101.5 is an IP address (32 bits) • 01000000 = 128 • 00010000 = 32 • 2^(position #)+(everything to the left) • Try 001010

18. Computer Networks • An IP prefix is a group of IP addresses • 128.32.0.0/16 is a prefix of the first 16 bits • = 128.32.0.0 – 128.32.255.255 (2^16 addresses) • 128.32.4.0/24 is a longer prefix 24 bits • Routing: find the longest match: • IP prefix in table that matches most bits of the address 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.3 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.4

19. Computer Networks • Definitions • Protocol • Rules about how to communicate • How to set up a connection • How to transfer packets • How to stop a connection • How to handle Failures

20. Computer Networks • Definitions • Protocol Good Morning Sir HIYYYEEAH! Would you like Breakfast Communication is not randomly ordered, it follows a pattern

21. Computer Networks • Definitions • Protocol

22. Computer Networks • Definitions • Routing • identify a path between two entities that want to communicate • There are many ways to find a path • What is best depends on the scenario, and user requirements

23. Computer Networks • Definitions • Source and Destination Source Destination Router

24. Computer Networks • Elements • Router • An electronic device which acts like a directory service • Lookup tables in hardware to send packets on the correct links • Network • The cloud of clients and servers with which you can communicate

25. Computer Networks • Elements • Server • Source of information • Has more bandwidth and processing power (usually) • Client • Your laptop • The person/device which wants to acquire information

26. Computer Networks • Elements

27. Computer Networks • How Does the Internet Work • Packet generation • Application picks up user input • Package data and pass to OS • OS passes data via Stack • Checksum calculated • Destination address lookup • Packet created

28. Computer Networks • How Does the Internet Work • Work done by ”layers” • Each layer different job • Cake = computer • Layer = software module

29. application transport network link physical Computer Networks • application: supporting network applications • ftp, smtp, http • transport: host-host data transfer • tcp, udp • network: routing of datagrams from source to destination • ip, routing protocols • link: data transfer between neighboring network elements • ppp, ethernet • physical: bits “on the wire”

30. Computer Networks • Role of layers • application: support application • HTTP, ftp, • transport: end-to-end issues • TCP, UDP • network: pick the route (delays, QoS) • OSPF, BGP, PIM • link: given a link transfer a packet • Ethernet, PPP • physical: bits “on the wire”, ie. Voltage modulation

31. Computer Networks • Why have a stack/layers • Dealing with complex systems: • modularization eases maintenance, updating of system • change of implementation of layer’s service transparent to rest of system • e.g., change in gate procedure doesn’t affect rest of system • Isolating “functions” and interactions components

32. Computer Networks • How does the Internet Work • DNS • Name lookup, whois yahoo.com • Name to IP address Whois Krispy Kreme DNS Router 192.168.0.3 Destination Router Layers Source

33. Computer Networks • How does the Internet Work • DHCP • Bootstrap computer with an IP • Is usually run at startup Give me a name DHCP Your name is 192.168.0.34

34. Circuit Switching End-end resources reserved for “call” link bandwidth, switch capacity dedicated resources: no sharing circuit-like (guaranteed) performance call setup required Computer Networks

35. Packet Switching each end-end data stream divided into packets user A, B packets share network resources each packet uses full link bandwidth resources used as needed, Computer Networks • resource contention: • aggregate resource demand can exceed amount available • congestion: packets queue, wait for link use • store and forward: packets move one hop at a time • transmit over link • wait turn at next link

36. Computer Networks • Some Common Questions • What kind of Internet connection do I need for my business • Dial-up: slow, not worth it! Usually 56 Kbps • DSL: moderately fast, 256/512 Kbps, $15/month (small company) • Cable: fast, 512 Kbps-3Mbps,$20-$70/month (small to middle scale company) • Fiber: extremely fast, more than 3Mbps possible, $70+/month (middle to large scale company) • Satellite: moderately fast, 700Kbps - 2Mbps, remote locations, $60+/month

37. Computer Networks • Some Common Questions • My Internet connection is not working where is the problem • Check you cable! • Check your wireless card • Check your own IP (ipconfig) , if needed restart networking • Check your gateway, use ping! • Check if you can get to an external site (jaalcheck.com) • Check your modem (if you have one) • Run Traceroute to external site

38. Computer Networks • Performance Issues • Advantage of packet switching: • Resource sharing • No need for reservations • Easier to implement in a distributed scenario • Advantage of circuit switching: • Can guarantee performance (Quality of Service)

39. Computer Networks • Performance Issues • Client Bandwidth • Dial-up, DSL, Cable, Fiber • Server Bandwidth • CDNs? • Load Balancing? • Application type (P2P, Skype..) • Some applications are discriminated • QoS

40. Computer Networks • Current Technologies and Tools • TCP-IP • 802.11a/b/g/n • DSL, Fiber-to-the-home, Cable • Wireshark, TCPdump • Voip-Skype, Gtalk, Vonage, Siphone • SSH • Microsoft-VPN

41. Computer Networks • My company needs wireless connectivity • Determine Internet connectivity first • How many employees • How much money can you spend • Do you want latest technology or most stable • 802.11a/b/g/n which one

42. Computer Networks • My company needs wireless connectivity • Get a test run • Are there dead spots • Is the signal weak • Frequent disconnections • Interference and government regulations

43. Computer Networks • My employees need to communicate • Is chat software acceptable • Do you want video conferencing • Would VoIP work for you • Do you want a secure communication channel

44. Computer Networks • Email Delivery • Your mail is sent to local mail-server • Mailserver forwards mail to destination mailserver

45. Computer Networks • Email Delivery • Server usually runs SMTP • Can contact DNS server

46. Evaluation and Implementation • Why is it important • Evaluation • Know your choices • You might get something you did not want • Can it keep up with changes in business

47. Evaluation and Implementation • Why is it important • Implementation • How should you do a test install • Should you hire experts • How should you make sure nothing goes wrong

48. Evaluation and Implementation • Know your choices • Do market research • I need a database • 2000+ vendors available • Which one is best for me • How will you choose?

49. Evaluation and Implementation • Set Metrics • Price • Performance • After Sales Support • Reputation • Ability to keep up with change • Geographical and language preferences

50. Evaluation and Implementation • How will you choose • Get references • Find out popular free and paid services • Give each one a score based on metrics • Make a ranking list