A Study of Software Reuse in Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development

1. Survey Paper & Manuscript A Study of Software Reuse in Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development T. Shah, Z. Ahmad National University of Sci & Tech Islamabad, Pakistan Injung Kim INK20@PITT.EDU

2. Supplementary Paper A Comparative Analysis of Cross-platform Development Approaches for Mobile Applications S. Xanthopoulos, S. Xinogalos Aristotle University of Thessaloniki / University of Macedonia, Greece

3. Motivation & Summary • Rapid growth of the mobile application market • Android, iOS, Windows, Blackberry • Cross-platformmobile application development • Native, Web-based, Hybrid Application Development (NAD, WAD, HAD) • And more… • Softwarereuse in NAD, WAD, HAD

4. Background Mobile/Tablet OS Market Share Worldwide usage, Oct, 2017 [1] www.netmarketshare.com

5. Android & iOS Platforms [4] A Comparative Analysis of Cross-platform Development Approaches for Mobile Applications

6. NAD, WAD, HAD • NAD • Involves developing the application on a native mobile platform, which can be Android, iOS or Windows Phone. • WAD • Are browser-based applications that are developed using the HTML / JavaScript technologies • HAD • is a cross between NAD & WAD. HTML5 / JavaScript are used as development technologies and no detailed knowledge of the target platform is required

7. Example of NAD [5] IBM

8. Example of WAD [5] IBM

9. Example of HAD [5] IBM

10. NAD, WAD, HAD NAD, WAD, HAD

11. NAD, WAD, HAD Brief Comparison of NAD, WAD, HAD [5] IBM

12. NAD, WAD, HAD Brief Comparison of NAD, WAD, HAD

13. NAD, WAD, HAD Detail Comparison of NAD, WAD, HAD # of platform Airplane mode?

14. NAD, WAD, HAD Detail Comparison of NAD, WAD, HAD

15. NAD, WAD, HAD And more… [4] A Comparative Analysis of Cross-platform Development Approaches for Mobile Applications

16. NAD, WAD, HAD Cross-platform App • RSS feeds reader application • LOC <= 150, Every code line is pure JavaScript w/ no need of coding anything using a native language. [4] A Comparative Analysis of Cross-platform Development Approaches for Mobile Applications

17. NAD, WAD, HAD Trends of Native vs. Cross-platform 0.5% 8% x16 2017 2017 Stackoverflow trend, May, 2017 [3] www.netmarketshare.com

18. Software Reuse • Process of using existing software components to create new software systems • Increase of productivity, quality, reliability • Decrease of cost, implementation time

19. SW Reuse How Often? • Single Platform Application Development • 18.75% of Android app classes inherit from a base class in Android API • 35.78% of the classes inherit from a domain-specific base class • 84.23% of classes across all categories of app occur in two or more app and 17,109 apps were a direct copy of another app • Cross-Platform Application Development • Software reuse is a big challenge due to different platforms using different programming languages, SDKs, IDEs. • How much sw reuse is possiblein case of NAD, WAD, HAD?

20. SW Reuse SW Reuse in NAD • A single application is developed multiple times to support multiple mobile platforms. • Need to work from scratch • Impossible or challenging to port functionality • Even if the programming languages may be the same • Ex) Android and Blackberry both use Java for application development • there is no or very little software reuse, which greatly increases the time, effort, budget required for the development and maintenance of an application.

21. SW Reuse SW Reuse in WAD • A single application is developed in web technologies like HTML and JavaScript and used across multiple mobile platforms. • write once and run everywhere • Provide complete software reuse • but still it carries some technical disadvantages & is not a choice of most of the developers

22. SW Reuse SW Reuse in HAD • Provide complete software reuse • Overcome the disadvantages of web-based applications Ex) lack of hardware access & lower performance) • Generally a web-based application wrapped in a native shell

23. SW Reuse Native vs. Cross-Platform Code Sharing Nov, 2017 [2] www.netmarketshare.com

24. Conclusions • No! It depends on application types • Cross-platform mobile application development • Software reuse in NAD, WAD, HAD • Cross-Platform Applications Development is always good? Worldwide usage, Oct, 2017 [2] www.netmarketshare.com

25. Conclusions • Cross-platform mobile application development • Software reuse in NAD, WAD, HAD • Cross-Platform Applications Development is always good? • No! It depends on application types • Security, Performance, Offline mode

26. Conclusions • Cross-platform mobile application development • Software reuse in NAD, WAD, HAD • Cross-Platform Applications Development is always good? • No! It depends on application types • Security, Performance, Offline mode • There is no or very little sw reuse in NAD for an app • What about among different apps? Libraries, Stack overflow, etc.

27. References [1] Mobile/Tablet Operating System Market Share https://www.netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=8&qpcustomd=1&qpct=3 [2] Native development vs cross-platform development: myth and reality https://www.mobindustry.net/native-development-vs-cross-platform-development-myth-and-reality/ [3] Stack overflow trends https://stackoverflow.blog/2017/05/16/exploring-state-mobile-development-stack-overflow-trends/ [4] S. Xanthopoulos, S. Xinogalos “A Comparative Analysis of Cross-platform Development Approaches for Mobile Applications” [5] IBM (Worklight Inc.) “Native, Web, or Hybrid Mobile Apps?” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns-JS4amlTc

28. Thank you. Question?