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HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS. Things to know. At least one Aboriginal person per day in Canada contracts HIV. Close to 50 % of the new infections in our communities are our women. Close to 30 % of these new infections are our young people . The Basics. H uman I mmunodeficiency V irus A cquired I mmuno

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HIV/AIDS

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  1. HIV/AIDS Things to know

  2. At least one Aboriginal person per day in Canada contracts HIV

  3. Close to 50 % of the new infections in our communities are our women

  4. Close to 30 % of these new infections are our young people

  5. The Basics Human Immunodeficiency Virus A cquired I mmuno Deficiency Syndrome

  6. Stages of Infection Contact: Virus multiplies quickly … = HIGHLY Infectious Three Month Window Period: HIV not detectable in tests (test for anti-bodies) Asymptomatic: Virus slows down, gets comfortable in body, there are no symptoms Symptomatic: AIDS diagnosis … vulnerable to other infections

  7. Opportunistic Infection • An infection that gets into the body because the immune system can’t fight it off. For example: • PCP Pneumonia • Yeast Infections incl. Thrush • Tuberculosis

  8. Transmission …>The virus needs an opening into the body > • Blood to Blood- through shared use of Intravenous Drug Use paraphernalia – including, syringes, water, spoons, cotton filters, and crack pipes • Sexual Fluids– semen, vaginal fluids, etc • Vertical Transmission- during pregnancy or birth or through Breast Milk when the mother is HIV positive • Once inside the body, the virus attaches itself to the white blood cells and begins making copies of itself and taking over the immune system

  9. Blood to Blood • Although HIV can live outside the body for up to 2 hours it has to have perfect conditions – otherwise plain old oxygen will kill the virus usually within less than a minute. • Needles are a vacuum that help the virus live outside of the body – no air within the vacuum.

  10. Exchange of Sexual Fluids • Anal Intercourse • Vaginal intercourse • Oral sex

  11. Anal Intercourse • Inner lining of the rectum is one cell thick- vulnerable to tearing • Lack of natural sexual lubricant in rectum • Mucosal membrane of the head of the penis is more porous than regular skin – vulnerable to virus

  12. Women’s Risk in Vaginal Intercourse • If under 16, friction can cause small tears in vaginal walls and cervix • Breaking of hymen puts young women at risk because more white blood cells to come and fix the tear • Semen will stay in vagina for up to five days

  13. Men’s Risk in Vaginal Intercourse • The man is exposed to the woman’s vaginal fluids during intercourse • An uncircumcised penis will hold the fluids in the head of the penis longer – chance of infection

  14. Oral Sex – Fellatio / Blow Job – Receivers Risk • Low Risk - because there needs to be an active blood flow in the mouth and the body clots in the mouth fairly quickly

  15. Oral Sex – Fellatio / Blow Job – Givers Risk • When there are no cuts or loose teeth the risk is low • If there are open cuts and open access through the gums, the risk increases • If the individual has a cold and swallows, the risk increases because there are white blood cells present that are working to deal with the cold infection

  16. Oral Sex – Cunnilingus – Giving Head to a Woman • If done correctly (by stimulating the clitoris as opposed to the vaginal opening), the person giving head is not in direct contact with vaginal fluids – the risk is negligible (extremely low). • The woman receiving head is at negligible risk with a barrier (dam or condom) • During a woman’s Moon time – the risk increases to low

  17. Oral Sex - Rimming • Licking the anus • Negligible risk unless anus has cuts or tears and the person licking has cuts on lips or gums • Without a barrier (protection), there is still a high risk of getting an STI – gonorrhea, syphilis, Hep A & B, or a digestive tract infection

  18. What will increase risk? • Having a Sexually Transmitted Infection, or Yeast infection = More White Blood Cells are present • Douching – the body needs to replace natural mucous = more white blood cells

  19. Sex with No Risk • Kissing or quick kisses • Body rubbing • Spanking or biting – no break in skin • Giving hickies – no break in skin • Massage • Sex with your clothes on

  20. NO RISK in Casual Contact with someone who is living with HIV / AIDS • It is safe to: • Be in a sweat or sauna together • Swim together • Brush or braid someone’s hair • Wipe someone’s tear • Share clothing • Hug • Share a drink – but you can get a cold • Be in a talking circle

  21. Vertical Transmission • During pregnancy/birth - One in four babies (25%) will get HIV if the mother is HIV positive

  22. Vertical Transmission • Ontario has an opt-in HIV Testing protocol with prenatal (pregnant) women – meaning that you will be asked to take an HIV test by the doctor upon finding out you are pregnant. • If HIV positive, a woman can take medications before (if they already know their HIV status) and during the pregnancy after the first trimester to reduce transmission to baby (below 1%), but consultation with HIV specialist is important to make sure that the medications chosen are safe for the baby • Caesarian section are offered • Breastfeeding not recommended as there is HIV present in breast milk and there is the possibility of the mom developing cracked nipples and blood passing to the child through this avenue

  23. Prevention • Try not to share needles or crack pipes or other drug paraphernalia, as well as tattooing & piercing equipment • Use condoms • Use dams • Do not breastfeed baby if mother is HIV positive • Use condoms on your sex toys and clean them after each use

  24. Paraphernalia • There is the risk of contracting HIV through shared use of crack pipes, spoons, cookers, cotton filters, water, and elastic bands. • Though HIV will not survive on these items for very long, HEP C WILL. • If you choose to use – practice harm reduction – DO NOT SHARE YOUR EQUIPMENT

  25. Tattooing & Piercing Equipment • Do not share equipment • Always go to a professional they are bound by law to provide you with sterilized equipment and new needles

  26. Prevention – Male Condoms • Check to make sure your condoms have not expired • Make sure package bubbles – means it hasn’t been damaged • Move condom to side and open - never use teeth to tear • Squeeze the tip (looks like a hat), so that ejaculate won’t burst it open • Roll all the way down the shaft of the penis • When done, take condoms off while still semi-hard, tie in a knot and put in tissue for disposal in the garbage

  27. Female Condom • Gives the woman the power to put on protection • Can insert before you even start • Inner ring is supposed to be anchored to the cervix like a diaphragm • Outer ring may stimulate clitoris during intercourse • Can use for an entire evening of pleasure

  28. Female Condom /FC2 & Dam

  29. Dams • Are used to cover the vaginal or anal area during oral sex • It is recommended to put water based lube on the body and then the dam on top – it will increase sensation for the person • Use only once • Use saran wrap if it is the only thing available

  30. Lubricate! • Sometimes a person is a little dehydrated and the body might not produce as much natural lube no matter how turned on s/he is. It’s okay to use lube. • Lube will reduce friction and tears • Always use water based lube with condoms – oil-based products i.e. Vaseline, will break down latex condoms

  31. Living with HIV and AIDS • Is about managing one’s health • Eating nutritious food • Minimizing stress on the body, mind and spirit • Using substances in moderation to keep immune system as strong as possible • Living each day as it comes

  32. Contracting HIV • Does not mean one is a bad or irresponsible person • It just means that the individual has come into contact with another person who has HIV

  33. What might put us at risk? • Liking someone or falling in love and wanting intimacy • Substance use/abuse, being under the influence of substances may loosen your inhibitions – causing us to put ourselves at risk • Trusting even though you don’t know your partner’s HIV status • People not knowing that they are positive – WHY? … because they have not been tested • Effects of Abuse – physical, sexual, mental, emotional, and/or spiritual • Not feeling like we have the power to say “NO” • Being unprepared for sexual experiences – always carry protection • High rate of travel between communities – from the rez to urban centres, province to province, etc

  34. If you have any questions please ask Call us: 1-800-743-8851 Visit us: www.oahas.org

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