Animal Nutrition & Feeding

1. Animal Nutrition & Feeding List essential nutrients & their function Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding Interpret a feed label Balance a ration

2. A. List essential nutrients & their function The Six Essential Nutrients • Protein • Carbohydrates • Fats • Minerals • Vitamins • Water

3. A. List essential nutrients & their function The Six Essential Nutrients Protein • Needed for growth and repair • Helps form MUSCLES, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns

4. A. List essential nutrients & their function The Six Essential Nutrients Carbohydrates • ENERGY • The largest portion of the animal’s food supply • Include sugars, starch and cellulose

5. A. List essential nutrients & their function The Six Essential Nutrients Fats • STORED Energy • Insulation & Protection

6. A. List essential nutrients & their function The Six Essential Nutrients Water • Animal’s body is made up of 70% water • Necessary for proper organ function • Vital to sustaining life

7. B. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Are all animal’s dietary requirements equal?...... NO!

8. B. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Factors effecting nutritional needs: 1- Maintenance • Gives energy for basic needs of keeping an animal alive • -Every second an animal is alive it takes energy • No loss or gain of weight • Known as Basal Maintenance Requirement • 50% of animals diet is used for maintenance

9. B. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Factors effecting nutritional needs: 2- Growth • Young animals who are not fully grown • Extra energy required to grow bones, support organ systems, develop muscle, etc. • Need high levels of fats • and carbohydrates

10. B. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Factors effecting nutritional needs: 3- Gestation & Lactation • (Gestation = Pregnancy, Lactation= milk production) • Nutrition deficiencies are the most common cause of reproductive failures • Pregnancy requires higher levels of nutrition and energy intake • (Especially at the end of pregnancy when the fetus is growing rapidly) • Milk production requires • even more energy • (Especially calcium, phosphorus, protein)

11. B. Identify factors effecting nutrition requirements in animals Factors effecting nutritional needs: 4- Work • Animals used for heavy work, require more energy • For Example: hunting dogs, draft horses, race horses, etc.

12. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Which would you choose? • Which one would TASTE better? • Which serving would have the most CALORIES? • 1 Snickers bar = 266 calories • 1 cup broccoli = 30 calories • To intake equal amounts of calories, which would FILL YOUR STOMACH - 1 snickers bar OR 9 cups of broccoli?

13. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds 3 Types of Feed: Roughage Concentrates Supplements

14. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Roughage • Contains MORE than 18% Crude Fiber • Feed in HIGH quantities • Contains MINIMAL energy per pound of feed

15. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Roughage Dry Hay

16. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Roughage Corn Silage

17. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Roughage Grass & Pasture

18. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Concentrates • Contain LESS than 18% Crude Fiber • Feed in SMALL quantities • Contains HIGH amounts of energy per pound of feed

19. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Concentrates Corn

20. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Concentrates Oats

21. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Concentrates Barley

22. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Concentrates Cotton Seed

23. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Examples… Concentrates Grain Factoid: “Grain” is a general term for a mixture of specific grains such as corn, oats, barley, etc.

24. C. Classify feed types and identify animal feeds Supplements • Vitamins & Minerals

25. D. Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding 2 Methods of Feeding Animals: • Free Access • Allows animals available feed to eat when they want • Scheduled Feeding • Providing a specific amount of feed at a certain time each day

26. D. Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding Free Access Feeding Pros Cons • Problems noticed MUCH slower • Some animals will cause themselves serious health problems if they can eat all they want • More feed wasted • Takes less time • Animal can eat as much as it wishes

27. D. Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding Scheduled Feeding Pros Cons • More quality care of animal • Amount of feed intake can be controlled • -decrease feed bill • Takes more time

28. D. Compare benefits & disadvantages of different methods of feeding How should you feed? Free Access Scheduled • Small Animals do well: • Rabbits • Guinea Pigs • Small Rodents • Horses, cows, sheep, goats should ALWAYS be fed concentrates on a schedule • Any animal prone to over eating

29. E. Interpret a feed label Name of Feed List of Nutrients % Contained List of ingredients Feeding directions Feed company

30. E. Interpret a feed label Feed Labels • List nutrients contained in feed • Give the % of each nutrient • List ingredients • Usually have some feeding instructions

31. F. Balance a ration How to Balance a Ration • Daily Intake must: • Fill ‘em up • Taste Good • Provide required nutrients/energy • Be the most cost effective

32. F. Balance a ration Feed Ration Vocab • Complete Feed • Textured Feed

33. F. Balance a ration Example… A bred gilt requires a 13% protein ration. You have available- 1-Corn with 9% protein 2- cotton seed meal with 40 % protein Find the number of pounds of corn and CSM needed to make a 100lb ration.

34. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square Feed #1 Feed #1 Feed 2 - % CP Desired= % Crude Protein Desired Feed #2 Feed #2 Feed 1 - % CP Desired=

35. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Feed #1: Corn 9% CP Feed #2 Cotton Seed Meal 40% CP #1: Label Feed Names & %

36. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Feed #1: Corn 9% CP Corn Feed #2 Cotton Seed Meal 40% CP Cotton Seed Meal #2: Transfer feed name straight across

37. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Feed #1: Corn 9% CP Corn 13% Feed #2 Cotton Seed Meal 40% CP Cotton Seed Meal #3: Fill in desired CP%

38. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Feed #1: Corn 9% CP Corn 13% Feed #2 Cotton Seed Meal 40% CP Cotton Seed Meal 9-13= /4/ #4: Find Absolute value of feed #1 and desired CP

39. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Feed #1: Corn 9% CP Corn 40-13=27 13% Feed #2 Cotton Seed Meal 40% CP Cotton Seed Meal 9-13= /4/ #5: Find Absolute value of feed #2 and desired CP

40. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps Corn 40-13=27 To mix a ration Using Corn & Cotton Seed Meal… Use: 27 parts Corn 4 parts Cotton Seed Meal 31 Total Parts Cotton Seed Meal 9-13= /4/ #6: Determine Total Parts

41. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps 100 lbs / 31 total parts = 3.22 Pounds per part #7: Translate “Parts” to “Pounds”

42. F. Balance a ration Pearson Square-Steps 27 parts Corn 27 * 3.22= 86.94 Pounds Corn 4 parts Cotton Seed Meal 4 * 3.22= 12.88 #8: Determine pounds of each feed

43. F. Balance a ration Your turn… A 1400-pound cow in the second trimester of pregnancy needs 8% protein. She is given grass hay (6% protein) and soybean meal (49.6% protein) Calculate how many pounds of each feed is required to mix a 100 pound ration of feed 8% CP feed

44. F. Balance a ration Bell work… A 1400-pound cow in the second trimester of pregnancy needs 8% protein. She is given grass hay (6% protein) and soybean meal (49.6% protein) Calculate how many pounds of each feed is required to mix a 100 pound ration of feed 8% CP feed

45. F. Balance a ration Nutrition Assn Checkoff Nutrition Wordsearch_____/5 Pearson Square Practice wkst_____/20 Feed Label 101 Packet_____/20 Unit 7: Feed Additives:_____/20

46. Pearson Square • A 1400-pound cow in the second trimester of pregnancy needs 6.9% protein. She is given 23.3 lbs of feed most of which is grass hay at 5.5% protein. How many pounds of soybean meal (49.6% protein) should the cow be given to make sure she receives 6.9% protein?

47. Sample Problem • Formulate 600 lbs of a 26% CP ration using CSM (54% CP) and Barley (8% CP).

48. What’s Being Asked? • You have 2 different feeds on hand, each containing a certain amount of protein. But for your purposes, neither will suffice. You need to mix them to make a new feed of a specific amount protein. And you need to make 600 lbs of the new feed.

49. Solving…..using a Pearson Square • These types of problems are easy….but you have to use the Pearson Square. • 1st set up the square (this will be the same every time:

50. 2nd, label the square: Feed #1 goes here Feed #1 also goes here With its %CP The %CP you want goes here Feed #2 goes here Feed #2 also goes here With its %CP