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H. Sakurai RIKEN Nishina Center

H. Sakurai RIKEN Nishina Center. Before summarizing this workshop…. Nuclear reaction activities in Japan at RIKEN. Experimentalists (Heavy Ion Reactions) High Energy “QGP” Physics at RHIC-Phenix, LHC Tsukuba U., Hiroshima U., CNS U. Tokyo, Kyoto U., RIKEN

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H. Sakurai RIKEN Nishina Center

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  1. H. Sakurai RIKEN Nishina Center

  2. Before summarizing this workshop…. Nuclear reaction activities in Japan at RIKEN

  3. Experimentalists (Heavy Ion Reactions) High Energy “QGP” Physics at RHIC-Phenix, LHC Tsukuba U., Hiroshima U., CNS U. Tokyo, Kyoto U., RIKEN Intermediate Energy TITech, Tsukuba U., Rikkyo U., RIKEN (1990) -> 0 (2000) ->Kyoto U.(T.Murakami) , RIKEN(Y.Nakai, H.S.) Low Energy: Fusion/Fission, DIS RIKEN, JAEA, KEK Theorists QCD-based Kyoto U., Osaka U. AMD, (R)QMD Tohoku U.(A.Ono), JAEA, Nihon-U. Fusion/Fission Tohoku U., Kansei U., Kyoto U., JAEA

  4. Projectile Fragmentation at RIPS Pi-production measurement at HIMAC Range counters for pi-detection

  5. Response of the spectators to the participant blast 1A GeV U @GSI, PRL90, 212302(03) 40A MeV Ar @RIKEN, Notani et alPRC. Be Pb Ti Ta Shi et al., PRC64, 034061(01) Hardness of equation-of-state Momentum dependence of mean field

  6. RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) Experiment facility To be funded In phase II Old facility Accelerator RIPS GARIS SHE (eg. Z=113) 60~100 MeV/nucleon ~5 MeV/nucleon RILAC SCRIT AVF ZeroDegree SAMURAI fRC RRC SLOWRI SRC IRC RI-ring SHARAQ (CNS) BigRIPS CRIB (CNS) 350-400 MeV/nucleon New facility • Intense (80 kW max.) H.I. beams (up to U) of 345AMeV at SRC • Fast RI beams by projectile fragmentation and U-fission at BigRIPS • Operation since 2007

  7. SAMURAI SpectrometerKobayashi et al 2011- versatile spectrometer with a large superconducting magnet 80cm gap, BL~ 7Tm, Bmax=3T PID limited to A~100 Invariant/missing mass spectroscopy giant resonances single particle states via (p,2p) etc EOS in asymmetric nuclear matter : SAMURAI-TPC Particle correlations in a few-body system 3NF Coulomb breakup for radiative capture c.s. (p,g), (n,g) Fission study 15M$ covers SC-Magnet 9M$ Detectors neutron counter electronics, software STQ for BT

  8. Heavy ion collisions and dynamics of nuclear matter (experiment) Cluster formation in dilute matter J.B.Natowitz Bimodality of the heaviest fragment distribution B.Borderie Isospin Effects in 40,48Ca+40,48Ca W.G.Lynch Isospin Diffusion in 58Ni induced HIC M.F.Rivet Dynamical emission of neutrons M.Veselsky Constrains on Symmetry Energy from Sn+Sn M.B.Tsang Collective flow in 400A MeV Au+Au W.Trautman Cross section and isospin effect in PF Wen-Dong Tian p-p correlation from breakup of 22Mg, 20Ne Xiao-Yan Sun/Jin-Gen Chen Relativistic …

  9. Few Body Syst.Suppl. 14 (2003) 361-366 Eur.Phys.J. A22 (2004) 261-269 Perfect Liquid? Perfect Gas ? Correlations – Cluster Formation Bose Condensates Efimov States Superfluidity J.B.Natowitz

  10. L.Qin et al. In Preparation LIQUID GAS J.B.Natowitz

  11. INDRA@GANIL and INDRA-ALADIN@GSI Bernard Borderie

  12. Bimodal behavior of the heaviest fragment distribution as signature of a first order phase transition in finite systems Z1 versus E* using the deduced parameter values latent heat of the phase transition (EG-EL) for heavy nuclei Z~ 70 8.1 (±0.4)stat (+1.2 -0.9)syst AMeV syst. error: different QP selections E.Bonnet, D. Mercier et al, PRL August 2009 Bernard Borderie

  13. Strategies used to study the symmetry energy with Heavy Ion collisions Vary the N/Z compositions of projectile and targets 124Sn+124Sn, 124Sn+112Sn, 112Sn+124Sn, 112Sn+112Sn Measure N/Z compositions of emitted particles n & p yields & flow, N/Z of fragments isotopes yields – isospin diffusion p+ & p- at high incident energy Proton Number Z Crab Pulsar Neutron Number N Hubble ST B.Tsang Isospin degree of freedom

  14. ImQMD model describes np ratios and two isospin diffusion measurements: S(r)=12.5(r/ro)2/3+17.6(r/ro) 0.4gi 1 gi Consistent constraints from the 2analysis of three observables 0.4gi 1 0.45gi 0.95 0.4gi 1.05 B.Tsang

  15. Isospin diffusion data at E/A=35 MeV B.Tsang Data are in good agreement with gi~0.5, consistent with E/A=50 MeV data. No complete stopping & no isospin equilibrations in central collisions

  16. Summary Constraints from HIC at sub-saturation density: Sn+Sn collisions at E/A=35 and 50 MeV B.Tsang Consistent with IAS, PDR & GDR

  17. SB: shadow bar for background measurement PLAWA SB LAND 2 LAND 1 III. First results from FOPI/LAND experiment Au+Au 400 A MeV W. Trautmann neutron squeeze-out: Y. Leifels et al., PRL 71, 963 (1993)

  18. pt dependence of v2 • Data: • (PM3-PM5, 0.25<y/yp<0.75) • - |v2| increases as expected • - well reproduced by UrQMD • - but: 15% correction missing • let's look at ratios only: • - large errors at large pt • UrQMD: decreasing sensitivity • at pt>0.8 • result from neut/hydro ratios: • - <> = 0.94 ± 0.21 • - potential part just below linear W. Trautmann

  19. N SFC:  10 AMeV (H.I.),17~35 MeV (p) SSC: 100 AMeV (H.I.), 110 MeV (p) CSRm: 1000 AMeV (H.I.), 2.8 GeV (p) SSC SFC CSRe RIBLL2 RIBLL1 CSRm RIBLL1: RIBs at tensof AMeV RIBLL2: RIBs at hundreds of A MeV CSRe: storage ring with deceleration Introduction to HIRFL: Beam facilities H.S.Xu

  20. ETF I: External Target Facility, Phase I H.S.Xu Hard-photon emission Y.G. Ma

  21. New Detectors • -ball (CsI(Tl) array + Clover) • TPC (at target region) • Si-strip array (behind TPC) • MWPC (inside dipole) • Possible Physics • For RIB Physics • For EoS of asymmetry nuclear matter • For high baryon density matter ETF II:External Target Facility, Phase II H.S.Xu To be constructed within 3 years

  22. Future programs CSR Collective motion effect of 129Xe+129Xe Fei Xie Special orientation in deformed U+U Ke-Jun Wu Pion emission Z.G. Xiao Hard-photon emission Y.G. Ma

  23. Total Interaction Cross Sections for the Ne isotopes M. Takechi, et al. NN2009 240AMeV Ne+C at BigRIPS Cross section enhancement at 28-32Ne has been observed. deformation effects? dynamical effects? Cross section jump at 31Ne p-wave halo ?

  24. Heavy Ion Collision Dynamics, Symmetry Energy (theory) Transport models IBUU04 IQMD Xi-Guang Cao ImIQMD Feng-Shou Zhang fusion-application, shell effects etc. ImQMD Ying-Xun Zhang UrQMD Qing-Feng Li HBT Langevin Fusion/Fission coupled with particle emission Wei Ye SAA Chu-Wang Ma skin effects in fragmentation?? Relativistic … Higher order effects of SE LW.CHen QHD Greco Relativistic-framework E>400A MeV

  25. II. Formulism L.W.Chen The Ksat,2 of asymmetric nuclear matter

  26. V. Constraining the Ksat,2 parameter L.W.Chen Constraining Ksat,2 Only 5 Skyrme forces in the 63 Skyrme forces used are consistent with all empirical constraint: SKM, Gs,Rs,SKO,SKO* K0 J0/K0 LKsym

  27. p/K production in “open” system: Au+Au 1AGeV, central Greco Au+Au@1AGeV • Kaons: • direct early production: high density phase • isovector channel effects Production stopped at the maximum of the D’s production ~15 fm/c, K’s purely coming from maximum density Not affected by p rescatterng absorption

  28. In-Conclusion Greco • While the EOS of symmetric NM is fairly well determined, the density (and momentum) dependence of the Esym is still rather uncertain. • Can it be done like for the symmetric part? Particle production • Ratios p-/p+and K0/K+ are sensitive probe to high density Esym • - kaon signal is a sharp signal from high density • Competing effect in isospin particle ratio production: • - self-energies revert the dependence respect to the n/p emission • - a more careful treatment of the collision integral respect to the elastic one is essential ! • E≥ 1.5 A GeV can have a transient quark phase highly asymmetric • - signatures and effective field theories to be developed

  29. Nuclear forces, 3NF, medium effects Microscopic approach based on DBHF, ChPT R. Machleidt The ab-initio approach to nuclear matter and its extreme states F. Sammarruca Consistent three-body force with Bonn B potential and Zeng-Hun Li neutron star structure Isovector and spin-isospin responses F. Braghin Isospin-dependent pion in-medium effects on charged pion ratio in HIC C.M.Ko N-N cross-sections in symmetric and asymmetric matter Hong-Fei Zhang

  30. deuteron-proton elastic scattering at 250A MeV - complete data set of deuteron analyzing powers - online analysis (very preliminary) with 3NF w/o 3NF 2009 April Sekiguchi et al.

  31. Neutron Stars Symmetry energy on gravitational waves B.A.Li Nuclear constraints on properties of neutron star crusts Jun Xu Effect of the symmetry energy on gravitational waves De-Hua Wen from axial perturbation of neutrons star Constraining the density dependence of the symmetry Wei-Zhou Jiang Energy in finite nuclei and nuclear matter Nuclear Structure Super heavy Nuclei (RMF) Z.Z.Ren Shape coexistence in 75Kr Ying-Chu Yang

  32. Gravitational waves from elliptically deformed pulsars Solving linearized Einstein’s field equation of General Relativity, the leading contribution to the GW is the mass quadrupole moment Frequency of the pulsar Distance to the observer Breaking stain: fractional deformation when the crust fails Mass quadrupole moment Equatorial Ellipticity of pulsars EOS B. Abbott et al., PRL 94, 181103 (05) B.J. Own, PRL 95, 211101 (05) Moment of inertia B.A.Li

  33. Constraining the strength of gravitational wavesPlamen Krastev, Bao-An Li and Aaron Worley, Phys. Lett. B668, 1 (2008). B.A.Li Compare with the latest upper limits from LIGO+GEO observations ӿ or 0.1 Depends on the symmetry energy and structure of NS

  34. Challenge to investigate EOS of neutron matter from nuclei to neutron stars B. A. Brown, PRL85 (2000) 5296 3NF T=3/2 channels? density dependence? pure neutron matter Normal density Elastic d+p for T=1/2 Nuclear structure in very neutron-rich nuclei for T=3/2? Heavy-ion Collisions to achieve r~2-3r0 ? E/A [MeV] 3P2 correlation pairing gap? Density depencence? r (fm-3) 1S correlation BCS-BEC crossover in dilute system (r ~ 0.1r0) ? ???? Role of di-neutron in skin? : collectivity, transfer reactions

  35. Y.G.Ma • Radioactive beam physics and HIC (around ~MeV/u; HIRF-CSR, RIKEN, TAMU etc) total cross section & momentum distribution nucleon-nucleon momentum correlation isospin physics: fragment isoscaling & symmetric energy multifrgamentation and liquid gas phase transition anisotropic flow scaling of light particles • RHIC Physics @ STAR, BNL (~200GeV/c Au+Au) STAR barrel Time-of-Flight Project nuclear modification, ellitptic flow, spin ploarization Mach-like cone and partonic cascade relativistic hydrodynamics model • Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source(with <20MeV Photons) based on SSRF future physics: nuclear astrophysics with photons CUORE Collaboration (Gran Sasso Nat Lab, Italy) Nuclear Energy Program Research Activities of Nuclear Physics in SINAP

  36. On Earth!!! Transport Theory In Heaven!!! General Relativity EOS for Asymmetric Nuclear Matter Isospin Effects in HIC’s … Neutron Stars … Many-Body Theory Nuclear Force Many-Body Theory Structures of Radioactive Nuclei, SHE … I. Motivations L.W.Chen Isospin Physics in medium energy nuclear physics HIC’s induced by neutron-rich nuclei (CSR/Lanzhou,FRIB,GSI, RIKEN……) Most uncertain property of an asymmetric nuclear matter Density Dependence of the Nuclear Symmetry Energy What is the isospin dependence of the in-medium nuclear effective interactions???

  37. International Symposium on EOS and its associated topics RIKEN End of July 2010 A.Ono, B.Tsang, T.Murakami, H.S. + ?

  38. Thank you Shanghai!! Prof. Y.G.Ma, L.W.Chen

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