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Millennium Development Goals A Comparative Perspective

Millennium Development Goals A Comparative Perspective. Estimates Achievements and Targets 2011. Goal 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger. 1. State Wise Poverty Estimates for the years 1993‐94 and 2004‐05 (Tendulkar Methodology). State Wise – RURAL Poverty 1993-4 and 2004-05.

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Millennium Development Goals A Comparative Perspective

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  1. Millennium Development Goals A Comparative Perspective Estimates Achievements and Targets 2011

  2. Goal 1Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger 1. State Wise Poverty Estimates for the years 1993‐94 and 2004‐05 (Tendulkar Methodology)

  3. State Wise – RURAL Poverty 1993-4 and 2004-05 Rural Poverty increased from the 1993-4 levels by 2004-05 inPunjab, Mizoram, Goa, Tripura and Madhya Pradesh. Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Jharkhand have more than 50% Rural Poverty. About 50% reduction in rural poverty levels of Meghalaya, Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh and J&K Very little improvement in Rural poverty levels between 1993-04 to 2004-5 in Orissa, Chhattisgarh, MP, Gujarat, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Bihar. AP with 32.3% ranks 13th in Rural poverty compared to all states.Rural Poverty was least in Kerala and highest in Orissa in 2004-05. AP has second least rural poverty numbers in this select list of states. Very little reduction in rural poverty levels in Gujarat and Orissa from 1993-04 levels. Significant reduction in Rural poverty in South Indian states.

  4. State Wise – URBAN Poverty 1993-4 and 2004-05 Urban poverty has increased from 1993-04 to 2004-05 in 10 states representing an increase in figures in 33% of the states. Substantial decrease in urban poverty levels in 2004-05 from 1993-04 levels in Manipur, Pondicherry, Nagaland, Himachal Pradesh, and Jharkhand Urban Poverty highest – above 30% in Bihar, Orissa, MP, Manipur and UP AP with 23.4% Urban Poverty ranks 15th compared to other states in India Urban poverty has increased in Orissa from 1993-04 levels. Kerala, TN and Gujarat have >20% Urban poverty. AP has 4th highest in these states.

  5. Total Poverty (Rural +Urban) 1993-04 and 2004-05 Total Poverty levels were highest (>40%)in 2004-05 in Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, MP, Jharkhand, UP, Tripura Total poverty levels increased from 1993-04 levels to 2004-05 in Mizoram, Goa, Uttarkhand, Tripura and MP. AP with Total Poverty of 29.9% ranks 13th in comparison to other states in India Marginal reduction in Total poverty in Orissa and All India. Total poverty level range between 28% -35% in TN, AP, Gujarat, Karnataka and W. Bengal.

  6. State Wise Poverty Levels – Likely Achievement 2015 and Targets Performance of Delhi, Mizoram, Goa, Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Chhattisgarh, Tripura, MP are cause of concern. The poverty levels in the states of Orissa, MP , Tripura and Bihar is more than 50%. About 40% of the states are on target and are likely to achieve levels lower than the MDGs. AP ranks 13th in the likely achievement 2015 at All – India level. Estimated likely achievement by 2015 shows that poverty figures have risen in MP and Tripura and continue to be high in Orissa, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh (>45%). Significant improvement in Manipur - lesser than the target figures achieved. AllIndia likely achievement in 2015 figures (30%) still much above the target levels (24%) AP poised to achieve 20% – which are lower than the MDG Targets and the All India Target Levels of 31%

  7. The smaller states have a significantly higher per achievement to target than the bigger states. Delhi, Orissa, Tripura, Tripura, Goa, MP, Uttarakhand have a Per achievement to target less than 50%. 12 States are likely to achieve levels lower than the Target levels. AP ranks 11th in Per achievement to target with 125% per achievement to Target. Projections for Orissa a cause of Concern total poverty hovering around 60% for last 20 Years. Gujarat and W. Bengal almost 10% behind achieving set goals

  8. TARGET 2 Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger Prevalence of underweight children under three years of age

  9. 2. Underweight Children(< 3yrs) Punjab, TN, Maharashtra, Delhi and J&K and AP are the only 6 states (30% of total states) likely to attain set targets in < 3 under weight. Even All India likely achievement is worked out to be 79%. MP, Nagaland, Haryana, Sikkim, Meghalaya, Jharkhand, Bihar in fact show a reverse trend where the likely target 2015 figures are greater than the 1990 estimates. Almost 40% of the states have less than 60% per achievement to target. AP ranks 6th in all India ranking in per likely achievement to target Per cent of Underweight children are likely to increase than the 1990 levels in 8 States (26%) – Manipur, Sikkim, Nagaland, Haryana, Meghalaya, Bihar, Jharkhand and MP. AP ranks 11th in terms of % of underweight<3 year old children.

  10. In the projected likely achievements by 2015 except AP (100%) TN (119%) all others are likely to miss achieving the targeted reduction on poverty levels Very little change in figures in Gujarat and Kerala since 1993-04. All India and Orissa poverty levels were around 50% in the 1990s. AP and TN are projected to attain their set targets in >3 underweight children. Kerala is likely to miss attaining the MDG goals by almost 10%. Gujarat has to reduce almost 20% to attain set targets. Orissa has better performance than Gujarat in reduction of >3 underweight children.

  11. 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education 3. A. Net Enrolment Ratio in primary education

  12. 3 A: Net Enrolment Ratio (Primary) Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya ranked the lowest have less than 90% NER 2009-10. Except Bihar and Arunachal Pradesh almost all the listed states / UTs are projected to attain > 98% NER (Primary). AP is one of the 21 states /UTs which are likely to reach 100% NER by 2015 Likely Achievement by 2015 in Gujarat & Karnataka is projected to decline lower than the 2009-10 figures. AP is on Target and is likely to sustain the 100% achieved in 2009-10 even in 2015.

  13. 4 A : Percentage literates among youth (15‐24 year olds) in Census 2001 & NSSO (2007‐08) Slight improvement in % of literates since 2001. Bihar ranks least followed by Jharkhand, Rajasthan, UP, Arunachal Pradesh and Orissa. AP’s figures of 87% closer to the All India Figures. Almost 20% improvement in the literates (ALL) between 2001- 2007-08 in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Assam, J&K and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. AP at 87% ranks 26th in a total of 35 States in total % of Literates 2007-08. In Literates ALL category AP is placed 2nd least with 87% Literates in 2007-08. The National average is also less at 86% Literates. While Kerala has achieved 100% Literates TN is at 97%.

  14. The more than 15% difference in male / Female literates numbers has reduced t 10% difference by 2007-08. the gap in Male Female Literates % most in Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Bihar at 55% (female ) and 77% (Male) is placed lowest. AP ranking with 82% Female and 93% Male literates almost same for male and female (25th / 26th )

  15. AP ranks just a little above Orissa in % Total Literates and is 1% above the National Average. There is a 10% difference in the Male and Female % literates . AP falls in low performing category states in India in Literacy. Rural Literates % is most in Orissa and Gujarat. However, AP has the least % (94%) Urban literates - Less than Orissa (95%) and Gujarat (96%) In Literates ALL category AP is placed 2nd least with 87% Literates in 2007-08. The National average is also less at 86% Literates. While Kerala has achieved 100% Literates TN is at 97%.

  16. Table-5 A: Gender Parity Index for Enrolment in Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Grades A GPI that varies between 0 and 1 typically means a disparity in favour of males whereas a GPI greater than 1 indicates a disparity in favour of females. Target 4 is intended to achieve GPI of 1 by 2005 for primary enrolment and by 2015 for all levels The GPI in Primary School is almost reached the target of 1 at all India levels. There is almost 0.13 difference in GPI in Primary, Secondary and Higher education.

  17. Gender Parity Index – Primary, secondary and Higher Education Wide variation in the GPI at all three levels. While on an average the primary education GPI is higher compared to Secondary & Higher education, States like Daman & Diu, Chandigarh, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Punjab and Sikkim have higher GPI in secondary education than Primary Education. Higher education GPI is higher than Primary education GPI in Daman & Diu, Chandigarh, Pondicherry, Goa, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Delhi, and A&N Islands.

  18. GPI Primary Education Bihar, Gujarat and Rajasthan are the 3 Big states with lowest GPI in Primary Education. AP has attained a positive GPI. While 21 States have >1 GPI , 14 States have < 1 GPI. Gujarat Primary Education GPI more than 0.13 less than Orissa. Orissa along with AP has attained 1 GPI in Primary Education.

  19. GPI Secondary Education 2007-08 11 out of the 35 states have attained more than 1 GPI indicating disparity favoring Women. GPI in Orissa and is better than Gujarat. AP GPI is higher than the national average. TN and Kerala in South India have attained more than 1 GPI.

  20. GPI Higher Education In higher education 8 States have GPI above 1 favoring female. Daman & Diu has a GPI of 2.99. Orissa, Bihar, AP and West Bengal are the 4 big states with GPI less than 0.65. As per 2007-08 Statistics, 15 States have already achieved gender parity at primary level and 16 more States are very close to the target. At Secondary level 13 States have already achieved the target and 8 more States are nearing the target. Kerala, Delhi and Andaman Nicobar have achieved GPI at I in all the three levels

  21. In the select states Gujarat has a better GPI in higher education. Orissa is least and AP ranks second last . AP GPI in higher education is lower than the national average. GPI in AP, Kerala and Gujarat has in fact revered in these years. While AP has better GPI than Gujarat in Primary and Secondary education its higher education GPI is lower. Gujarat has lowest GPI in Primary and Secondary Education, but higher in higher education. AP has attained GPI 1 in Primary but still far off in Secondary and Higher education.

  22. Table 6 A: Percentage share of females in wage employment There is a reverse trend of decreasing Percentage of Share of women in wage employment in 17 of the 36 states. The average Percentage has remained same at the national level since 2004-05. Substantial decrease in the percentage in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Bihar, Daman & Diu, Maharashtra, Goa, Orissa, Meghalaya is a cause of concern. No change in % share of Females in wage Employment in Gujarat and National level. Reduction in % in Orissa TN & AP. Very Little improvement in share of females in wage employment over the years.

  23. Percentage share of Female in Wage employment is more in Urban areas in 19 states and in Rural areas in 16 states. However it is less than 25% in 25 states. At the highest % share of females in wage employment remain less than 40% . The all India average in both rural and urban areas is less than 20%. Gujarat has the lowest (rural ) % of Female in wage employment, and Orissa in Urban. AP figures are higher than the national average and is above 25% in rural areas and 205 in Urban. Kerala and TN record highest – 30% in Rural in South India.

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