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Political Structures Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320

Political Structures Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320. How does Venetian and Florentine government evolve in the period and why? What are the sources of power and who has it? How do you achieve stable government?. C11-12 communal governments elected own leaders

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Political Structures Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320

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  1. Political Structures • Florence and Venice in the Renaissance HI320

  2. How does Venetian and Florentine government evolve in the period and why? • What are the sources of power and who has it? • How do you achieve stable government?

  3. C11-12 communal governments • elected own leaders • riven with conflict Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory of Justice, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, C14th

  4. The Venetian Commune • general assembly elects dux (doge) • no feudal nobility • short terms of office • Great Council (Maggior Consiglio)

  5. The doge Giovanni Bellini, Doge Leonardo Loredan (1501-2)

  6. Serrata • late C13th: limiting of guild power • closing of the Great Council c. 1297 • hereditary status to nobles • libro d’oro Sala del Maggior Consilio, Ducal Palace

  7. cittadini class • popolani excluded

  8. Pyramid of Government Doge: elected for life Signoria: Doge + 6 councillors + 3 heads of the Forty (8 month term) Pien Collegio: Signoria + 16 Savi Senate (Pregadi): c. 300 (1 year term) Maggior Consilio: all adult male patricians

  9. Council of Ten • created 1310 after Querini Tiepolo conspiracy • state security • by-pass bigger councils • quick, secretive, summary justice Chamber of the Council of Ten, Doge’s Palace

  10. Florence’s Palazzo dei Priori (Palazzo Vecchio), 1290s

  11. The Florentine Republic • Signoria = 8 priors (6 month term) • Gonfaloniere della giustizia • 12 Buonuomini + Gonfalonieri di compagnia + Signoria = Tre Maggiori • scrutiny (scrutinio)

  12. The Medici • Giovanni di Bicci (c. 1360-1429) builds fortune • banker to pope • Cosimo di Giovanni (1389-1464) takes over 1420s • 1433 exile • 1434 triumphant return!

  13. Medici power • accoppiatori • elections a mano • use of balìa • Cento councilcreated 1458 • international network • peasant army • patronage: parenti, amici, vicini Cosimo ‘il vecchio’ de’ Medici

  14. Piero di Cosimo ‘the gouty’ (1416-70)

  15. Lorenzo di Piero ‘the Magnificent’ (1449-92) • takes over 1469 • charisma, international support • ‘Golden age’ of culture • Pazzi conspiracy 1478 • Council of 70

  16. Lorenzo de’ Medici’s death mask • Lorenzo dies 1492 • 1494 son Piero di Lorenzo kicked out • new Great Council • influence of Savonarola • 1502 Gonfaloniere a vita Piero Soderini

  17. 1512 Medici return • 1527 Florentine Republic • Clement VII (r. 1523-34) • 1532 Alessandro de’ Medici = ‘First Duke of the Florentine Republic’ Giovanni di Lorenzo de’ Medici, later Pope Leo X (r. 1513-21)

  18. Duke Cosimo de’ Medici (r. 1537-74)

  19. Government • contado vs. distretto • bigger towns left to administer, judge, tax • negotiation with individual communities • resistance • revolt of Pisa 1494-1509

  20. Italy at the Peace of Lodi, 1454

  21. Rule by consent • Degree of autonomy • Renegotiation of statutes • Venetian justice • Elites could not join Great Council • Major ecclesiastical positions for Venetians Lion of St. Mark, Verona

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