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MICROBIAL WATER POLLUTION OF VJOSA RIVER AND THE VEGETABLE CONTAMINATION BY IRRIGATION

MICROBIAL WATER POLLUTION OF VJOSA RIVER AND THE VEGETABLE CONTAMINATION BY IRRIGATION Margarita Hysko, Blerina Gace, Klementina Puto.

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MICROBIAL WATER POLLUTION OF VJOSA RIVER AND THE VEGETABLE CONTAMINATION BY IRRIGATION

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  1. MICROBIAL WATER POLLUTION OF VJOSA RIVER AND THE VEGETABLE CONTAMINATION BY IRRIGATION • Margarita Hysko, Blerina Gace, Klementina Puto

  2. We monitored, coliform water pollution of Vjosa River in Permeti areas, Albania, during 2008-2009 and the impact the water has on vegetables by the irrigations with Vjosa river water.

  3. Vjosa River • Vjosa River is the second longest river in Albania. • in Greece, it runs, from Mountains Pindi • in Albania it runs for 192 km, joining some other small rivers on the way down, having a high degree of natural aspect and streams into Adriatic Sea

  4. Vjosa River • The large area of Vjosa River is very fertile farmland and agriculture activity is present. • Non-modified human wastes are discharged into the river causing a high pollution. • Another issue is industrial and urban waste dumped on the banks of this river.

  5. Area tested: Lundra, spring & pump’s area

  6. Materials and methods • The microbial parameters were examined for a number of samples from three selected sampling sites at regular intervals during the 2008-2009 years. • The tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Microbiology at Faculty of Sciences, University of Tirana. • The sampling and the tests are performed in accordance with the European and World Standard Methods.

  7. Materials and methods • Water and vegetable samples were collected and brought in a chilly bin to the laboratory within the sampling day and were tested within 30 hours from the time the first sample in the field was taken. • The method we used was pour plating and the MPN (Most Probable Number) test.

  8. Materials and methods • The method used for vegetables tests are Multiply Tube Test and pour plating • the media PCA and TSA, Mc Konkey, Nutrient broth, XLD, Brilliant Green, TSI are used and incubations were done at 35-37ºC • For Suspicious colonies for Salmonella, API 20E test is used

  9. Materials and methods • We have tested 60 water samples for coliforms in all tested areas • There are some interesting differences of coliforms in months and season and among the sites

  10. There are less coliforms in May and October than the other months Coliforms at Lundra

  11. There are, except May, in all other months an elevated number of coliforms that is an indicator that water quality is bad Coliforms at spring area

  12. Almost in all months in the pump’s area, water quality was bad and very bad according to the high number of coliforms found in water. Coliforms at pump’s area

  13. Coliforms founds in three sites • Pump’s area is more polluted, than other two monitored points but the other two are polluted as well

  14. In different seasons the pollution is high in the Permeti area of the Vjosa River Coliforms in different seasons

  15. Coliforms and heterotrophs in some vegetables • There are tested 30 samples of vegetables taken from the gardens were the plant irrigation was done using the Vjosa River water. • Vegetables tested are tomatoes, cucumber, eggplants, courgettes and capsicum. • All samples taken were tested for heterotrophs, coliforms and the presence of salmonella..

  16. Coliforms and heterotrophs in some vegetables

  17. Coliforms in some vegetables • The high amount of bacteria found in these vegetables comes from polluted water and from the soil as well. • The presence of coliforms is an indication of faecal pollution that comes from river water used for irrigation.

  18. Salmonella test in some vegetables • We tested the vegetables samples for the presence of salmonella and there were not detected. • But the presence of coliforms remains a strong indication for the presence of pathogens that are very dangerous for human health.

  19. Conclusions • Vjosa River water is less polluted than some other rivers of Albania, but the microbial pollution is still very high • The high level of coliforms in water has an impact in vegetable because is used for irrigation, being the risk for public health • Vjosa river water is used by people of Permet and countryside for fishing, swimming and other human activities; it’s water is a high potencial risk on public health. • We strongly recommend stopping the discharge of solid and urban west to the Vjosa River.

  20. Thank You

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