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Chapter 28. Network Management Chapter 29. Multimedia

Chapter 28. Network Management Chapter 29. Multimedia. Network Management System and SNMP Concepts. Internet Audio/Video. Streaming stored audio/video refers to on-demand requests for compressed audio/video files

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Chapter 28. Network Management Chapter 29. Multimedia

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  1. Chapter 28.Network ManagementChapter 29.Multimedia Computer Networks

  2. NetworkManagement System and SNMP Concepts Computer Networks

  3. Internet Audio/Video • Streaming stored audio/video refers to on-demand requests for compressed audio/video files • Streaming live audio/video refers to the broadcasting of radio and TV programs through the Internet • Interactive audio/video refers to the use of the Internet for interactive audio/video applications Computer Networks

  4. Digitizing Audio and Video • Digitizing audio • Voice: 64 Kbps = 8,000 samples x 8 bits • Music: 44,100 samples x 16 bits -> 705.6 Kbps for mono, 1,411 Mbps for stereo • Digitizing video • 25 frames/second, 1024 x 768 pixels, 24 bits/pixel • 2 x 25 x 1024 x 768 x 24 = 944 Mbps • Compression is needed to send video (audio) over the Internet • Audio Compression • Predictive encoding: GSM(13Kbps), G.729(8Kbps), G.723.3(6.4 or 5.3 Kbps) • Perceptual encoding: MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3) • Video Compression • Image compression: JPEG • Video compression: MPEG Computer Networks

  5. Streaming Stored AV: (1) • First approach: Using a Web server Computer Networks

  6. Streaming Stored AV: (2) • Second approach: Using a Web server with metafile Computer Networks

  7. Streaming Stored AV: (3) • Third approach: Using a media server Computer Networks

  8. Streaming Stored AV: (4) • Fourth approach: Using a media server and RTSP Computer Networks

  9. Real-time Interactive AV • Time relationship Computer Networks

  10. Real-time Interactive AV • Jitter is introduced in real-time data by the delay between packets Computer Networks

  11. Timestamp • To prevent jitter, we can timestamp the packets and separate the arrival time from the playback time Computer Networks

  12. Playback Buffer • A playback buffer is required for real-time traffic Computer Networks

  13. Characteristics of Real-time AV Communication • A sequence number on each packet is required for real-time traffic • Real-time traffic needs the support of multicasting • Translation means changing the encoding of a payload to a lower quality to match the bandwidth of the receiving network • Mixing means combining several streams of traffic into one stream. • Support from transport layer protocol • TCP, with all its sophistication, is not suitable for interactive multimedia traffic because we cannot allow retransmission of packets. • UDP is more suitable than TCP for interactive traffic. However, we need the services of RTP, another transport layer protocol, to make up for the deficiencies of UDP Computer Networks

  14. Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) • RTP is designed to handle real-time traffic on the Internet • RTP uses a temporary even-numbered UDP port Computer Networks

  15. Real-time Transport Control Protocol (RTCP) • RTCP is designed to control the flow and quality of data and allow the recipient to send feedback to the source or sources • RTCP uses an odd-numbered UDP port number that follows the port number selected for RTP Computer Networks

  16. Voice over IP • Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) by IETF and H.323 by ITU-T • SIP Computer Networks

  17. SIP Simple Session Computer Networks

  18. Tracking the Callee Computer Networks

  19. H.323 Architecture and Protocols Computer Networks

  20. H.323 Example Computer Networks

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