Chapter 2: The English Colonies

1. Chapter 2: The English Colonies

2. The Southern Colonies

3. Jamestown, VA – 1607 - the 1st permanent English settlement in America Settled by the London Company (joint-stock company)

4. Not prepared to build or farm, 2/3 die by winter • John Smith – leader 1608 • Helped by powerful Powhatan Indians • John Rolfe marries Pocahontas – forms a peaceful alliance with natives (for a while)

5. Daily Life • Headright system – colonists who paid their own way received 50acres of land + 50 more for anyone they brought • Large tobacco farms were established • Most people came as indentured servants – a person who was given a free trip in exchange for working off the debt once there • Slaves begin to arrive in 1619

6. Bacon’s Rebellion Colonial officials began taxing colonists Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against the local government in 1676 – attacking and burning Jamestown **** 1st example of rebellion against taxation in “New World” ****

7. Religious freedom and economic opportunities  motives for founding other colonies in the south Maryland – began as a refuge for English Catholics – set up by Lord Baltimore, 1634

8. Toleration Act of 1649 – a bill that made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians ****Later used as an example in U.S. Constitution  freedom of religion****

9. The Carolinas – most colonists were farmers, while South Carolina had large plantations with many slaves Georgia – founded by James Oglethorpe as a refuge for debtors in 1733 Began as small farms with slavery outlawed Settlers grew unhappy  rice plantations began to grow and worked by slaves • The Carolinas – most colonists were farmers, while South Carolina had large plantations with many slaves

10. Farming and slavery were very important to the Southern Colonies Economies depended on cash crops  tobacco, rice, indigo Enslaves Africans became main source of labor Slave codes – laws to control slaves were passed

11. The New England Colonies = religious freedom (ME, NH, MA, CT, RI)

12. Pilgrims – wanted to separate from the Anglican Church Leave the Netherlands in 1620 on the Mayflower

13. Mayflower Compact – a legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good *** First example of a constitution in America***

14. Native Americans – Squanto – taught them to farm, and fertilize soil  celebrate 1st Thanksgiving with Wampanoag Indians Women had better legal rights than in England

15. Puritans - disagreed with official church opinions and wanted to purify the Anglican Church 1629-1640 thousands left England for the Massachusetts Bay Colony The colony was well prepared and would thrive

16. Religion and government were closely linked in the N.E. Colonies Because religion was the major reason for the creation of the colony, it was closely tied to government activities Government leaders were also church members Dissenters (people who disagreed) were banned from the colony Several religious conflict would erupt

17. The N.E. Economy  farming and trade Farming Harsh climate and rocky soil = few cash crops Raised crops and animals for own use = little need for slaves Trade Merchants traded goods locally and overseas Fishing and shipbuilding were major industries

18. Education Public education New England Primer – stories from the Bible Higher education  Harvard College 1636, College of William and Mary 1693 Harvard - 1720 William and Mary College

19. The Middle Colonies = diverse settlements (NY, PA, NJ, DE)

20. NY and NJ were created from former Dutch territories Once called New Netherlands, the English captured it and renamed it New York in 1664

21. William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania Quakers were one of the largest religious groups in NJ PA was founded as a refuge for Quakers – and guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians

22. Economy  trade and staple crops Staple crops – wheat, barley, oats – crops that are always needed Few slaves, mostly indentured servants for labor Traded their staple crops with Britain and West Indies

23. Life in the English Colonies – they continue to grow despite many challenges

24. Colonial governments were influenced by political changes in England • English Bill of Rights - (1689) – Parliament replaced the unpopular King James II and the Eng. Bill of Rights reduced the power of future monarchs.

25. Colonial Govt’s • Each colony had their own govt. – the power came from their charter • The King had the ultimate authority • Governor was the head • Assisted by a council • The town meeting was the center of N.E. political life

26. English Trade Laws • England set up the colonies to make money! • Mercantilism – a system of creating and maintaining wealth through controlled trade

27. Navigation Acts – colonists could only trade specific items (sugar, cotton) within the British Empire  hated by the colonies

28. Triangular Trade – a system in which goods and slaves were traded among the Americas, Great Britain, and Africa

29. Middle Passage – the voyage that brought millions of African slaves to the Americas

30. Slave Ships

31. The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment encourages political equality among colonists • Great Awakening – (1730-40) a religious movement that swept through the colonies that revived religion • Revivals be came popular places to talk about political and social issues

32. The Enlightenment – (1700’s) – a movement that spread the idea that reason could improve society • Formed ideas how gov’t should work • People had natural rights – life, liberty, property • These ideas influenced colonial leaders

33. The French and Indian War (aka “Seven Years War”) • Indian Allies – based on trade partners • English – Iroquois League • French – Algonquin and Huron

34. English win!

35. Treaty of Paris – Britain gets: • Canada • All French lands east of the Mississippi River • Florida (from Spain)

36. The Western Frontier • Most settlements were along the coast, but people slowly began to move further west • Pontiac’s Rebellion causes more fighting and frontier people needed protection by the English army

37. King George III issues Proclamation of 1763 – banning settlements west of the Appalachian Mts.

38. Conflict in the Colonies

39. British efforts to raise taxes colonist’s taxes are met with outrage • Eng. paid for the French and Indian War, and to keep troops in N. America for protection • Parliament passed the Sugar Act in 1764 to help pay for costs

40. Colonists felt their should be “No Taxation Without Representation” in Parliament John Hancock

41. Sam Adams begins the Committees of Correspondence – as a way to keep the colonies informed of British Laws

42. Taxing the colonies • Stamp Act of 1765 • Paid for official stamp or seal on purchase of paper items • Sons of Liberty – secret society, Sam Adams, used violence to scare tax collectors • All of the outrage caused it to be repealed in 1766

43. Townshend Acts of 1767 • Tax on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea • More uproar from colonists • British troops are sent in 1768 to quiet the noise Should troops be used as a police force?

44. Propaganda: • Information put out by an organization to spread and promote a policy, idea, doctrine, or cause • Deceptive or distorted information that is systematically spread • A story giving only one side of an argument • Misinformation • Half truths

45. THE BOSTON MASSACRE • A crowd gathered in Boston after a British soldier struck a colonist – March 5, 1770 • Soldiers fired into the crowd, killing 3 people

46. The shootings were named the “Boston Massacre” by the colonist media • This event caused even more resentment against the British

48. The Boston Massacre Paul Revere’s Engraving

49. THE BOSTON TEA PARTY • Colonial merchant had been smuggling tea to avoid taxes • Parliament passed the Tea Act of 1773 to allow the British East India Company to sell cheap tea in the colonies • Dec. 16, 1773 – Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians, board the ships, dump the tea into Boston Harbor

50. In response to the Tea Party Britain passed the Intolerable Acts • Boston Harbor is closed • Massachusetts charter in canceled