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UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DESIGN IP ADRESS & SUBNETTING

UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DESIGN IP ADRESS & SUBNETTING. JARINGAN KOMPUTER. TUJUAN. Mengenal IP Address, bisa mengidentifikasinya dan bisa menggunakannya dalam membangun jaringan . Bisa memperbanyak network address dengan melakukan subnetting .

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UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DESIGN IP ADRESS & SUBNETTING

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  1. UNDERSTANDING NETWORK DESIGNIP ADRESS & SUBNETTING JARINGAN KOMPUTER

  2. TUJUAN • Mengenal IP Address, bisamengidentifikasinyadanbisamenggunakannyadalammembangunjaringan. • Bisamemperbanyak network address dengan melakukansubnetting. • Bisamengetahui block IP sebuah subnet denganmembacasebuah CIDR notation.

  3. IP ADRESS • An IP address is a number that uniquely identifies every host on an IP network. • IPv4, menggunakan 4 byte (32 bit) alamatberupa 32 String binary bits. • IPv6, menggunakan 16 byte (128 bit). • Supaya IP address lebihmudahdibaca, dotted decimal notation digunakanuntukmembagi address dalam 4 bytes terpisahdengan format W.X.Y.Z Contoh : 128.192.56.1

  4. IP ADRESS • IP stands for Internet Protocol, and its primary purpose is to enable communications between networks. • a 32‐bit IP address actually consists of two parts: • The network ID (or network address): Identifies the network on which a host computer can be found. • The host ID (or host address): Identifies a specific device on the network indicated by the network ID.

  5. PERATURAN IP ADRESS • Angka 127 dioktet pertama digunakan untuk loopback. • Angka 127.0.0.1 dikenalsebagailocalhost • Network ID tidakbolehsemuanyaterdiridariangka 0 atau 1 • Host ID tidakbolehsemuanyaterdiridariangka 0 atau 1. • Bilasemua Network ID atauHost ID semuanyaberupaangkabiner 1, sehinggadapatditulismenjadi255.255.255.255, maka alamat ini disebut flooded broadcast.

  6. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS • Menggunakanmetode yang disebutdenganistilah IP Address Classes. • The IP protocol defines five different address classes: A, B, C, D, and E. • The first three classes, A through C, each use a different size for the network ID and host ID portion of the address. • Class D is for a special type of address called a multicast address. • Class E is an experimental address class that isn’t used.

  7. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS • The first four bits of the IP address are used to determine into which class a particular address fits, as follows: • If the first bit is a zero, the address is a Class A address. • If the first bit is one and if the second bit is zero, the address is a Class B address. • If the first two bits are both one and if the third bit is zero,the address is a Class C address. • If the first three bits are all one and if the fourth bit is zero,the address is a Class D address. • If the first four bits are all one, the address is a Class E address.

  8. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS

  9. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS

  10. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS Kelas A • Network ID = W, Host ID = X.Y.Z • Default Subnet Mask = 255.0.0.0 • Range 1 S/d. 126 • Jumlah Network = 126, Jumlah Host = 16777214 • OktetPertamadimulaidenganangkabiner 0

  11. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS Kelas B • Network ID = W.X, Host ID = Y.Z • Default Subnet Mask = 255.255.0.0 • Range 128 S/d. 191 • Jumlah Network = 16384, Jumlah Host = 65534 • Oktetpertamadimulaidenganangkabiner 10

  12. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS Kelas C • Network ID = W.X.Y, Host ID = Z • Default Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 • Range 192 S/d. 223 • Jumlah Network = 2097152 • Jumlah Host = 254 • Oktetpertamadimulaidenganangkabiner 110

  13. PEMBAGIAN KELAS IP ADRESS Kelas D • Khususuntuktujuan Multicasting • Oktetpertamadimulaidenganangkabiner 1110 Kelas E • Reserved dan tidak dipakai untuk umum • Oktetpertamadimulaidenganangkabiner 1111

  14. PRIVATE & PUBLIC IP ADRESS Any host with a direct connection to the Internet must have a globally unique IP address. However, not all hosts are connected directly to the Internet. Some are on networks that are not connected to the Internet. Some hosts are hidden behind firewalls, so their Internet connection is indirect.

  15. SUBNETTING • Subnetting is a technique that lets network administrators use the 32 bits available in an IP address more efficiently by creating networks that aren’t g limited to the scales provided by Class A, B, and C IP addresses. With subnetting, you can create networks with more realistic host limits. • Subnetting provides a more flexible way to designate which portion of an IP address represents the network ID and which portion represents the host ID. With standard IP address classes, only three possible network ID sizes exist: 8 bits for Class A, 16 bits for Class B, and 24 bits for Class C. Subnetting lets you select an arbitrary number of bits to use for the network ID.

  16. SUBNETTING • Two reasons compel people to use subnetting: • is to allocate the limited IP address space more efficiently. • For performance reasons. • Network ID dapatdiperbanyakdengancaramengorbankansebagian Host ID disebutdenganSubnetting.

  17. SUBNETTING Sebenarnyasubnettingituapadankenapaharusdilakukan? Pertanyaan ini bisa dijawab dengan analogi sebuah jalan. Jalan bernama Gatot Subroto terdiri dari beberapa rumah bernomor 01‐08, denganrumahnomor 08 adalahrumahKetua RT yang memilikitugasmengumumkaninformasiapapunkepadaseluruhrumahdiwilayahJl.GatotSubroto.

  18. SUBNETTING Ketikarumahdiwilayahitumakinbanyak, tentukemungkinan menimbulkan keruwetan dan kemacetan. Karenaitulahkemudiandiadakanpengaturanlagi, dibuatgang‐gang, rumah yang masukke gang diberinomorrumahbaru, masing‐masing gang adaKetuaRtnyasendiri‐sendiri. Sehingga ini akan memecahkan kemacetan, efiesiensi dan optimalisasitransportasi, sertasetiap gang memiliki previledge sendiri‐sendiri dalam mengelolawilayahnya. Jadilahgambarwilayahbarusepertidibawah:

  19. SUBNETTING Konsepsepertiinilahsebenarnyakonsepsubnettingitu. Disatu sisi ingin mempermudah pengelolaan, misalnya suatukantoringinmembagikerjamenjadi 3 divisidenganmasingmasing‐masingdivisimemiliki 15 komputer (host). Disisilain juga untuk optimalisasi dan efisiensi kerja jaringan, karena jalur lalu lintas tidak terpusat di satu network besar,tapi terbagi ke beberapa ruas‐ruas gang. Yang pertama analogiJlGatotSubrotodenganrumahdisekitarnyadapatditerapkanuntukjaringanadalahseperti NETWORK ADDRESS (namajalan) dan HOST ADDRESS (nomerrumah). Sedangkan Ketua RT diperankan oleh BROADCAST ADDRESS (192.168.1.255), yang bertugasmengirimkan message ke semua host yang ada di network tersebut.

  20. SUBNETTING

  21. SUBNETTING Masih mengikuti analogi jalan diatas, kita terapkan ke subnettingjaringanadalahsepertigambardibawah. Gang adalah SUBNET, masing‐masing subnet memiliki HOST ADDRESS dan BROADCAST ADDRESS.

  22. SUBNETTING Terusapaitu SUBNET MASK? Subnetmaskdigunakanuntukmembacabagaimanakitamembagijalandan gang, ataumembagi network danhostnya. Address manasajayang berfungsi sebagai SUBNET, mana yang HOST dan mana yang BROADCAST. Semuaitubisakitaketahuidari SUBNET MASKnya. JlGatotSubrototanpa gang yang sayatampilkandiawalbisadipahamisebagaimenggunakan SUBNET MASK DEFAULT, ataudengankata lain bisadisebutjugabahwa Network tersebuttidakmemiliki subnet (Jalantanpa Gang). SUBNET MASK DEFAULT iniuntukmasing‐masing Class IP Address adalahsbb:

  23. SELESAI

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