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Building Construction Types and Size-Up Considerations.

Building Construction Types and Size-Up Considerations. Type I Construction. Fire resistive. Concrete and steel. Originally designed to contain fire to a single floor, not so true anymore in modern buildings. HVAC, pipe and wire chases, and auto exposure provide fire spread. Type I.

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Building Construction Types and Size-Up Considerations.

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  1. Building Construction Types and Size-Up Considerations.

  2. Type I Construction • Fire resistive. • Concrete and steel. • Originally designed to contain fire to a single floor, not so true anymore in modern buildings. • HVAC, pipe and wire chases, and auto exposure provide fire spread.

  3. Type I

  4. Type 1 Under Construction

  5. Type 1Under Construction

  6. Type II Construction • Noncombustible • Steel or concrete walls, floors, structural framework. • Roof deck or covering is combustible. • Roof covering may have asphalt, felt paper, foam insulation, and or a combustible membrane.

  7. Type II

  8. Tilt Up Construction

  9. Steel Parallel Chord Truss and Metal Roof Decking

  10. Mark Schollmeyer 2006

  11. Mark Schollmeyer 2006

  12. Type III Construction • Ordinary construction. • Used to be referred to as “brick and joist”. • Has masonry bearing walls. • Floors, structural framework, roof are wood. • A lumberyard enclosed by four block walls.

  13. Old Type III“Brick and Joist”

  14. Brick and JoistFire Cut

  15. Brick and Joist Hazards What are these called?

  16. New Type III

  17. Steel Framing for Solid Wall Forms

  18. Forms Ready To Accept Concrete

  19. Finished Wall Ready For Trusses

  20. Speaking of Trusses Attic Bowstring Hip Common Gambrel

  21. Common Truss

  22. Parallel Chord Truss

  23. Gusset Plate

  24. Engineered Beams

  25. Wood Trusses Lightweight Steel framing Engineered I-Beams

  26. Lightweight Steel Floor Joists

  27. A True Structural Brick Wall:

  28. Cross Section of Structural Brick Wall

  29. Cut Brick (Stucco)

  30. Brick Veneer

  31. Type IV Construction • Heavy timber, sometimes referred to as “ mill construction “. • Structures have masonry walls like type III, but interior wood consists of large timbers. • Floors and roof are plankboard • Wood Columns are at least 8” thick. • Wood Girders are at least 6” thick.

  32. Type IV Examples

  33. More Heavy Timber

  34. More Heavy Timber

  35. Type V Construction • Wood frame. • Includes balloon frame and platform construction. • Many modern multifamily buildings are constructed this way. • Almost all turn of the century homes fall into this category. • These type structures are in everybody’s area !

  36. Modern Type V Construction.Platform

  37. Modern Type V Construction.Platform

  38. Platform vs. Balloon Frame Platform Balloon Frame

  39. Wood Parallel Chord TrussTypically seen in Type V construction

  40. Finger Jointed Stud Finger Joint

  41. A Lumber Yard

  42. STRUCTURE INVOLVED Type of structure:Residential, Merchantile, Manufacturing, Educational, Health Care, House of Worship. Construction:Fire Resistant, Non-Combustible, Ordinary, Heavy Timber, Wood Frame. Access Points and Obstacles Designation of Sides, Exposures, Floors Potential Hazards:Collapse (zones based on building height), Closed Containers, Utilities.

  43. Risk Assessment • Condition of Structure:Offensive or Defensive Operation • Risk vs. Benefit: “Risk a little to save a little” “Risk a lot to save a lot” “Risk nothing to save nothing” • Expected Outcome: Can we save it?

  44. What Type of Building is this?

  45. How about now?

  46. Now?

  47. Finally. Looks different doesn’t it?

  48. Lets Try Another:

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