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Andrew Owusu Ph.D.

Global School-Based Student Health Survey: Monitoring Student Hygiene/Sanitation Behaviors in Ghana. Andrew Owusu Ph.D. Research Workshop in Water Supply, Sanitation and health related to schools and local communities in West Africa September 18 th – 20 th 2007

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Andrew Owusu Ph.D.

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  1. Global School-Based Student Health Survey: Monitoring Student Hygiene/Sanitation Behaviors in Ghana Andrew Owusu Ph.D. Research Workshop in Water Supply, Sanitation and health related to schools and local communities in West Africa September 18th – 20th 2007 *A contribution to the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance

  2. Presentation Overview • Background • Introduction to GSHS • GSHS Purpose • GSHS Modules (10) • Hygiene • Sampling and Questionnaire (hygiene questions) • Implications for the future • Summary

  3. GSHS Introduction • 2001: WHO with technical assistance from CDC, initiates development of the GSHS (CDC, 2006) • GSHS relation to US Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). • 2003: Ghana Nutritional Risk Behavior Survey (School-Based, Youth) • 2006: Middle Tennessee State University initiates implementation work on GSHS • 2007 GSHS data collection • September 17th – 28th

  4. GSHS Purpose To provide accurate data on students to: • Help countries develop priorities, establish programmes, and advocate for resources • Establish trends in the prevalence of health behaviors and protective factors by country • Allow countries and international agencies to make comparisons across countries

  5. The GSHS Sample • 2-stage probability sample • 1st stage – selection of schools • selected with probability proportional to size • schools with grades that 13-15 year olds attend • selected at CDC • 2nd stage – selection of classrooms • selected randomly • selected in country

  6. Ghana Sample • 75 Schools from all 10 regions in Ghana • 3 Super Zones (SR) • North, Central and South • 25 Schools Per Zone • *Target number is 1500 in each zone. Presented number reflects over sampling due to expect 80% participation rate

  7. Ghana Super Zones for 2007 GSHS Implementation Northern Zone Central Zone Southern Zone

  8. GSHS Questionnaire

  9. GSHS Questionnaire • The GSHS questionnaire consists of: • Core questionnaire modules • Core-expanded questions • Country-specific questions

  10. Core Questionnaire Modules • 10 core questionnaire modules • Contain 52 questions • Measure the most important health behaviors and protective factors • Contain from 3 to 7 questions • Must use at least 6 of the 10 modules with no changes • Cannot have more than 99 questions total – fewer are recommended

  11. Core Questionnaire Modules • Respondent demographics – 3 • Alcohol and other drug use – 6 • Dietary behaviors – 5 • Hygiene – 4 • Mental health – 6 • Physical activity - 5 • Protective factors – 5 • Sexual behaviors that contribute to HIV infection, other STI, and unintended pregnancy – 5 • Tobacco use – 6 • Unintentional injury and violence - 7

  12. Core-expanded questions • To collect more detailed information on selected core questionnaire module topics. • More questions • Behavior • Attitude • Knowledge • Sources of information • Hygiene (7)

  13. Country Specific Questions • Question on topics of unique interest and importance to a particular country. • Ghana • Hygiene • Malaria • Worm infestation

  14. Ghana GSHS Hygiene Module • The 2007 Ghana GSHS looks at hygiene in 2 settings • General • At School

  15. GSHS Hygiene Components

  16. Summary • Youth health risk behavior assessment • Assessment capacity building • Use of prevalence data • Future Issues

  17. Future Issues • Sustainability • Expansion to older youth • Senior secondary schools • Interventions/Programs • Data based, customized • Hypothesis generation and testing • Promoting Hygiene/Sanitation through school sports

  18. SO, did I give you……

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