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Anatomy of a Paper

Learn why writing papers is essential, audience insights, elevator pitch tips, structuring your paper, and key paper components like title, abstract, introduction, core contributions, and conclusions. Understand the importance of concise communication and proper referencing. Elevate your paper-writing skills today!

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Anatomy of a Paper

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  1. Anatomy of a Paper Paul Lewis with thanks to Mark Weal

  2. Today’s plan • Why write a paper? • Structure. • The process of writing. • Format. • Questions.

  3. Why write a paper? • Communicating ideas. • You have a message to deliver. • You are adding to a body of work. • Answering questions before they are asked.

  4. Who is the audience? • Academic peers. • Reviewers. • Dictates both the way you write, and the content.

  5. The Elevator Pitch • The idea is to communicate all the relevant information in a short space of time (20 seconds). • For a company this might be: • What is your company? • What does the company do? • Whom does your company do it for? • Why should they care? • Why is your company different?

  6. The Elevator Pitch • For your paper you might want to say: • What topic does your paper cover? • Who would benefit from reading it? • Why should they care? • What does your paper tell people that is new and interesting? • What is the core take away message of your paper?

  7. The Elevator Pitch • Spend five minutes preparing your 20 second elevator pitch. • What topic does your paper cover? • Who would benefit from reading it? • Why should they care? • What does your paper tell people that is new and interesting? • What is the core take away message of your paper?

  8. Structure • Title • Abstract • Introduction • Background / Related Work • Core Contribution • Conclusions • References

  9. Title • Does it describe the paper? • Does it excite the reader? • Don’t try and be too clever.

  10. Example Titles • Incremental Semi-Supervised Subspace Learning for Image Retrieval • Automatic Replay Generation for Soccer Video Broadcasting • Scenographies of the Past and Museums of the Future: From the Wunderkammer to Body-Driven Interactive Narrative Spaces • Interactive Tele-Journalism: Low Cost, Live, Interactive Television News Production • LyricAlly: Automatic Synchronization of Acoustic Musical Signals and Textual Lyrics • Indexing and Matching of Polyphonic Songs for Query-by-Singing System • The relative effectiveness of concept-based versus content-based video retrieval

  11. Abstract • Four sentences. • The first states the problem. • The second states why the problem is a problem. • The third is my startling sentence. • The fourth states the implication of my startling sentence. • *There should be no citations in your abstract!

  12. A Flexible Architecture for Content and Concept Based Multimedia Information Exploration Abstract: • Traditional hypermedia systems can be extended to allow content based matching to give more flexibility for user navigation, but this approach is still limited by the capabilities of multimedia matching technology. The addition of a multimedia thesaurus can overcome some of these limitations by allowing multimedia representations of concepts to act like synonyms in the query process. In addition, relationships between concepts allow navigation within the context of a semantic scope. The use of agents that independently examine the information in the system can also provide alternative methods for query evaluation. This paper presents a flexible architecture that supports such a system and describes initial work on implementation.

  13. Introduction • Sets the scene. • Provides scope. • States the problem. • Describes what you think the solution could be. (hypothesis) • Tells the reader what comes next.

  14. Introduction – outline the paper • … • This paper will discuss examples of related work in section 2 followed by an overview of the Ambient Wood project in section 3. Sections 4 and 5 give details of the two sets of trials and the information infrastructures underpinning them. Finally, section 6 compares the two approaches and concludes on their suitability as tools for orchestration.

  15. Background / Related Work • Establishes what the reader needs to know in order to understand your paper. • Establishes that you know the field you are working in. • Places the work in the context of existing work in the field. • It indicates the state of the art which the current work builds on and goes beyond. • It is NOT a dump of everything you know about the topic. • It will contain many references to the latest literature

  16. Core Contributions • This is where the novel work goes. • Make your argument. • Back it up with reference to other work. • Explain your Methodology. • Provide the results of your evaluation/testing/interviews/… • Logical presentation is key to understanding

  17. Conclusions (and Future Work) • Recap. • Draw out the key points. • Establish your contribution. • Outline where the work could go in the future. • Try NOT to introduce new information.

  18. ensure that all your references are complete – could a reader go to the source unaided? some tools enable automatic formatting of citations EndNote is a bibliographic database which works with MS Word (on uni workstations) BibTex is a useful tool with Latex OnFolio is a web notation tool which works with MS Office (free download) citations and references • write your bibliography as you go • always get full references • AVOID URLs as much as possible • record how and when • collect to a standard format • (see our paper template)

  19. References are made up of • The authors names. • The title. • The journal / conference proceedings. • Publishers information. • Editor information. • Page numbers. • Volume numbers. • Issue numbers. • Geographical locations (of conferences). • Dates.

  20. Incorrect references • DivX Pro Technical Specifications. http://www.divx.com/divx/pro/specs.php last accessed 24th November 2003 • The Evolution of the Newspaper of the Future, Chris Lapham • A. K. Dey. Understanding and using context. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, Special issue on Situated Interaction and Ubiquitous Computing, 2001. • www.sky.co.uk “Sky’s official website” [2001] • L. Press, “From P-books to E-books,” Communications of the ACM, Vol. 43, No. 5, May 2000. • Tourassi,G, Markey,M, Lo,J, Floyd,C, 2001, A Neural Network Approach to Breast Cancer Diagnosis as a Constraint Satisfaction Problem, Medical Physics, vol. 28, pp804-811 • James D. Foley, Andries van Dam, Steven K. Feiner, and John F. Hughes. Computer Graphics Principles and Practice. Addison­Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 2nd. Edition, 1990.

  21. Example references • M. Bal. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. University of Toronto Press, 1985. Trans. Christine van Boheemen. Toronto. 1985. • Michaelides, D., Millard, D., Weal, M., DeRoure, D., 2001. Auld leaky: A contextual open hypermedia link server. In: Hypermedia:Openness, Structural Awareness, and Adaptivity (Proceedings of OHS-7, SC-3 and AH-3), Published in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, (LNCS 2266), Springer Verlag, Heidelberg (ISSN 0302-9743). pp. 59–70. • Y. Rogers, S. Price, D. S. Fraser, C. Randell, M. J. Weal, and G. Fitzpatrick. Ubi-learning Integrates indoor and outdoor experiences. Communications of the ACM, 48(1):55–59, Jan. 2005. • M. Bernstein. Card shark and thespis: exotic tools for hypertext narrative. In Proceedings of the twelfth ACM conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, Arhus, Denmark, pages 41–50. ACM Press, 2001. • Y. Li, J. I. Hong, and J. A. Landay. Topiary: a tool for prototyping location-enhanced applications. In Proc. of the ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology (UIST ’04), pages 217–226. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2004.

  22. Proof read carefully • Your paper should be easy to read. • Spelling mistakes and poor grammar can create a bad impression. • Make sure the numbering is correct for sections/figures/tables. • Make sure all your references are cited in the text.

  23. Reading order • Title • Abstract • Introduction and Conclusion • Core contribution • Background and Related work

  24. Writing order (?) • Core contribution • Introduction • Background and Related work • Conclusion • Abstract • Title (?)

  25. Format • 6-8 pages long including diagrams and references. • Use the template provided. • https://secure.ecs.soton.ac.uk/notes/comp3013/activities/template.rtf • Label all figures and tables and refer to them in the body of your text.

  26. Blind submission • Because of the reviewing process we require your submissions to be anonymous. • This means that your name should not be on the paper. • You add your name and affiliation when you submit your final version.

  27. Any Questions?

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