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UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE

UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE. The Greeks : Crucible of civilisation . First of aseries of 5 narrated by Liam Neeson (9:30). IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL… . Learn about the history of Greek civilisation. Learn about the main social, economic and cultural characteristics of Ancient Greece.

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UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE

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  1. UNIT 10: ANCIENT GREECE TheGreeks: Crucible of civilisation. First of aseries of 5 narratedbyLiamNeeson (9:30)

  2. IN THIS UNIT, YOU WILL… Learnaboutthehistory of Greekcivilisation Learnaboutthemain social, economic and cultural characteristics of AncientGreece Identifythemainfeatures of Greek art LearnabouttheGreekcontributionto western civilisation Discusstheorigin of democracy

  3. Greekcivilisationappeared in theBalkanPeninsula, onislands in theMediterranean and in Asia Minor, nowTurkey. ItsancientnamewasHellas, and itspeoplewerecalledHellenes.

  4. ANCIENT GREECE WAS INFLUENCED BY ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Valleyswereseparatedbymountainchains Thereweremanyislandsfarfromthecontinent Independentstates emerged in eachvalley and oneachisland

  5. SUMMARIZING, CLIMATE, SEA, VALLEYS AND ISLANDS INFLUENCED ANCIENT GREECE DEVELOPMENT THE CLIMATE WAS DRY. PEOPLE LIVED FROM AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL GRAZING AND FISHING THE GREEKS WERE MARITIME PEOPLE AND TRADED WITH OTHER PEOPLE ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN

  6. ANCIENT GREECE TIMELINE HELLENISTIC PERIOD MYCENAEAN CIVILISTAION DARK AGES ARCHAIC PERIOD CRETAN CIVILISATION CLASSICAL PERIOD THERE WERE SEVERAL IMPORTANT PRE-HELLENIC CIVILISATIONS THE GREEK CITY STATES WERE STABLISHED. GREECE BEGAN TO EXPAND ACROSS THE MEDITERRANEAN IT WAS A PERIOD OF GREAT CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENT. ATHENS AND SPARTA WERE DOMINANT CITY STATES ALEXANDER THE GREAT CONQUERED THE PERSIAN EMPIRE. AFTER HIS DEATH, THERE WERE SEVERAL HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS FINALLY IT BECAME PART OF ROMAN EMPIRE

  7. THE GREEKS ALL HAD THE SAME CIVILISATION, ALTHOUGH THEY LIVED IN INDEPENDENT CITIES. THEY SHARED THE SAME… CULTURE RELIGIOUS BELIEFS LANGUAGE ART

  8. Pre-Helleniccivilisations MINOANS BETWEEN 3000 AND 1500 BC THE MINOANS WERE A PROSPEROUS MARITIME AND TRADING CIVILISATION ON THE ISLAND OF CRETE. THEY LEARNED HOW TO MAKE AND USE BRONZE. THEY RULED MANY ISLANDS IN THE AEGEAN SEA

  9. Pre-Helleniccivilisations MYCENAEANS BETWEEN 1600 AND 1200 BC THE MYCENAEANS CONTROLLED MOST OF MAINLAND GREECE. MYCENAEANS SOCIETY WAS LED BY A WARRIOR ARISTOCRACY. ACCORDING TO GREEK LEGENDS, THESE WARRIORS FOUGHT THE TROJAN WAR

  10. Pre-Helleniccivilisations DORIANS AFTER BC THE DORIANS, WHO KNEW HOW TO MAKE AND USE IRON, ENTERED MAINLAND GREECE FROM THE NORTH. MANY GREEKS WENT TO LIVE ON THE COAST OF ASIA MINOR, NOW TURKEY, WHERE THEY FOUNDED CITIES

  11. Pre-Helleniccivilisations DARK AGE THE PERIOD FROM 1200 BC UNTIL ABOUT 750 BC WAS CALLED THE DARK AGE. PEOPLE LIVED IN SMALL, ISOLATED COMMUNITIES, AND LEFT FEW IMPORTANT ARCHA

  12. THE ARCHAIC AGE THE POLIS DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH CENTURY THEY ALSO HAD IN COMMON: • TheAGORA, ormainsquare, wherepoliticalactivity and trading took place. • TheACROPOLIS, onhighlandabovethecity , where temples werelocated The polis wasformed of themaincity and thefarmingland and forestsaroundit. Ithaditsowngovernmentarmy, laws and currency. Butallthepoleissharedthesameculture, religion and language.

  13. THE AGORA Discuss in groupsabouttheactivitiesthtatook place in theagora

  14. THE ACROPOLIS Explore theAcropolisfromtheBrithisMueum

  15. THE ARCHAIC AGE EARLY GOVERNMENT Archaiccitystateswereruledbyanoligarchy, whichmeant “governmentbythefew”. Thearistoi (or “best”) formed a privileged elite, orARISTOCRACY. Thearistoiwerelandowners and militaryleaders. Therewasfrequent social disorderduringthe 7th and 6th centuries BC, and thisledtopoliticalchange. TYRANTS, likePeisistratos, tookpower. Therewereotherimportantleaders, likeSolonthelawmaker. Thetyrants

  16. THE ARCHAIC AGE CAUSES OF GREEK COLONISATION • Landwasscarce, and itwasheldunequally • Populationgrowthmadeitnecessarytofind new places forthe extra people • Coloniescreated new trading possibilities THE GREEK COLONISATION DEVELOPED BETWEEN THE 8TH AND THE 6TH CENTURY Greekexpansionledtothecreation of COLONIESacrosstheMediterranean and the Black Sea. thereweremanycitiesorcoloniessuch as Syracuse, in Sicily, and EmporionontheIberianPeninsula CONSEQUENCES • economicactivityincreasedgreatly in bothcitystates and theircolonies. • Greekculture spread into new regions. • Some social groupsbecamewealthier. Therewere social changes, and democracy emerged in thepoleis

  17. GREEK COLONISATION

  18. PeloponnesianWar and Thucydides (12:00) THE CLASSICAL PERIOD Pericles and theDelian League (9:00) TheclassicalperiodwasthegratestperiodfortheGreekpoleis. Sparta and Athens werethemostimportant Therewerealso a number of conflicts. Themostsignificantwere: THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS (MEDIAN WARS) THE PELOPONESIAN WARS (431-404 BC) Theywere at thebeginning of thefifthcentury BC whenthePersianstriedtogain control of theGreekpoleis of Asia Minor and continental Greece. Thearmy of theAthenian polis wasessential in defeatingthePersians at thebattles of Marathon (490) and Salamina (480). Athens becamethemostpowerful polis. TheyweretheconflictsbetweenGreekpoleis. Thedominant position of Athens threatenedotherpoleis and ledtowarsbetweenthem. Spartawasagainst Athens control of theDelian League and afteryears of warSpartadominatedovertherest of thepoleis. Whilethepoleiswerefightingeachother, King Philip II of Macedonorganised a greatarmy Delian League wascreated

  19. DEMOCRACY ATHENS BECAME A DEMOCRACY INSTITUTIONS OF ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY THAT MEANS “RULE BY THE PEOPLE” IN THIS SYSTEM, ADULT MALE CITIZENS PARTICIPATED IN GOVERNMENT. BUT WOMEN, METICS (FOREIGNERS), SLAVES AND FREED SLAVES WERE NOT CONSIDERED CITIZENS EKKLESIA MAGISTRATES BOULE HELIAIA THE EKKLESIA WAS THE ASSEMBLY OF ALL THE CITIZENS. THEY MET TO VOTE LAWS AND ELECT MAGISTRATES THEY WERE IN CHARGE O THE LAW COURTS AND RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES THERE WERE ARCHONS AND STRATEGOI THIS IS THE COUNCIL FORMED BY CITIZENS CHOSEN BY BALLOT. THEY MADE SURE THAT LAWS WERE FOLLOWED IT WAS THE SUPREME COURT. THEY WERE CHOSEN BY BALLOT EVERY YEAR Athenian Democracy - Solon and Cleisthenes (12:00)

  20. SPARTA: OLIGARCHY INSTITUTIONS OF SPARTIAN OLIGARCHY Spartawas Athens great rival. Itwasan OLIGARCHY TWO KINGS GEROUSIA EPHORS ASSEMBLY In Spartansociety, citizensweretrainedtofight as warriorsfromanearlyage THEY HELD MILITARY AND RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY IT WAS A COUNCIL FORMED BY CITIZENS OVER SIXTY. RESPONSIBLE FOR JUSTICE OR MAGISTRATES WHO MAINTAINED THE ORDER FORMED BY WITH VERY LIMITED POWERS FREE MEN WITH POLITICAL RIGHTS CRAFTSMEN OR TRADERS WITHOUT POLITICAL RIGHTS THEY WERE LIKE SLAVES BUT COULDN´T BE SOLD Lessthan a minute video abouttheSpartiansociety

  21. ECONOMY THE MOST IMPORTANT ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES AGRICULTURE LIVESTOCK CRAFT TRADE IT WAS THE MAIN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY. IT WAS BASED ON THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT, OLIVES AND VINES IN THE VALLEYS. IT WAS IMPORTANT IN THE MOUNTAINS. THEY KEPT SHEEP, GOATS, PIGS AND HORSES CRAFT WORK WAS DONE IN SMALL WORKSHOPS. THEY MADE TEXTILES, POTTERY, WEAPONS AND FARM TOOLS IT BECAME IPORTANT, ESPECIALLY AROUND THE MEDITERRANEAN. THEY TRADED EACH OTHER ACROSS THE AEGEAN AND ALSO WITH EGYPT AND ITALY

  22. DAILY LIFE Life in ancient Greece was quite different for men and women. Whilst men were expected to take an active part in the public life of their city, women were expected to lead a private life as wives and mothers. Their lives were centred on the home. • Slaverywas a central feature of life in Greece. Families of reasonablewealthwouldhaveslavestocarryoutthehousehold chores, togo shopping at themarket and eventohelpbring up children. However, daily life in Sparta was rather different from most other city-states. Here women led more active lives, as this would improve their physical strength and their ability to have healthy babies. Sparta also had slaves but these belonged to the city as a whole, rather than to individual families. A lot of our information on daily life comes from pottery PLAY THE “GreekHouse” BM

  23. GREEK CULTURE GREEK CULTURE HAD A GREAT INFLUENCE BOTH IN ANCIENT TIMES AND LATER PERIODS. IT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED THE FOUNDATION OF THE WESTERN CIVILISATION LITERATURE EpicpoemsliketheIliad and theOdyssey (700 BC) Theatredevolopedfromreligiousceremonies: tragedies and comedies Greekswerethefirstto use thereasonto examine thenature of humanbeings and theworldaroundthem TheydevelopedMathematics, Physics and Medice Theycalculatedthecircumference of theEarth. Theywerethefirst in writingHistory. PHILOSOPHY GEOGRAPY AND HISTORY SCIENCE HOMER, AESCHYLUS,SOPHOCLES, EURIPIDES SOCRATES, PLATO AND ARISTOLES HIPPOCRATES, PYTHAGORAS, ARCHIMEDES ERATOSTHENES HERODOTUS THUCYDIDES

  24. RELIGION TEMPLES ORACLES OLYMPIC GAMES POLYTHEISTS WHAT WERE THEY? GODS AND HEROES

  25. GREEK ART THE GREEKS TRIED TO ACHIEVE PROPORTION AND HARMONY IN THEIR ART. THEY CONSTRUCTED BUILDINGS AND STATUES ON A HUMAN SCALE POWER POINT OF GREEK ART

  26. THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD ALEXANDER THE GREAT POWER POINT

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