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Basic Assumptions. Human motivation is a complicated thing, based on many individual considerations.Employees are assets who can contribute knowledge and expertise in accomplishing organizational goals.Neither
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1. Human Resources Approaches COMM 254: Organizational Communication
2. Basic Assumptions Human motivation is a complicated thing, based on many individual considerations.
Employees are assets who can contribute knowledge and expertise in accomplishing organizational goals.
Neither “Workers work!” nor “Workers feel!” is a sufficient assumption.
Not “A happy worker is a productive worker!” but “A worker allowed to contribute productively is a happy worker!”
3. Why the Shift from Human Relations to Human Resources? Research did not support Human Relations claims and assumptions.
Examples of manipulative misuse of Human Relations principles.
Inconsistency between managerial behaviors and beliefs.
Need to shift from focus on higher level “deficiency needs” to highest level “growth needs.”
4. Supporting Theories Blake and Mouton’s Managerial Grid (p. 52)
A “both/and” approach to people and production
Likert’s System IV (pp. 53-54)
Identifies various organizational forms reflecting assumptions about motivation, communication, authority, and performance
Ouchi’s Theory Z (p. 55)
Goes beyond X and Y to principles taken from Japanese organizations and culturally adapted to U.S. organizations
5. The Basic Equation
6. Some General Applications Training and Development (T&D)
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Japanese Management Systems
The Scanlon Plan
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Just in Time Management
7. Putting People First! How to do it? (see Pfeffer, p. 63)
In what ways is it putting people first?
In what ways is it not?
8. Counting on Results? Why we shouldn’t (p. 64)
What we need to do to increase our chances (pp. 64-65)
9. So What Metaphor Fits Here?
11. Human Resources Approaches: A View of Communication Content ? Task, social, innovation
Direction ? All directions, including
diagonal, and team-based
or cross-functional
Channel ? All channels
Style ? Formal and informal, with
emphasis on informal