M. Kesselring; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Anderson; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Walters; Polaroid Corporation

POLAROID CORPORATIONWORKER EXPOSURE MONITORING ASSESSMENT M. Kesselring; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Anderson; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Walters; Polaroid Corporation

Worker Exposure

Project Scope • Review IH Historical exposure monitoring records • Review chemical use by process • Establish a worker exposure matrix inventory by • Division • Process & Unit Operation • Exposure Point & Chemical Use • Chemical Agent (MeCl2, isocyanates, etc.) • Prioritize exposure points for monitoring • Assess regulatory compliance (CSI 400 and OSHA) • Design sampling program

Scope of Study • Battery Manufacturing (1 building, 1 process) • Reagent Manufacturing Operations (1 building, 30 processes) • Film Assembly Operations (2 buildings) • Power Boiler Plants • Other • Chemical Operations (3 buildings, 200 processes) • Sheet Coating Operations (3 Buildings, 35 processes) • Negative Coating Operations (2 buildings, 5 processes)

Exposure Assessment Strategy • Basic characterization • Exposure assessment • Prioritize exposures • Recommendations

Basic Characterization • Review past monitoring data • Initial tour of facility • Approach by chemical, process, similar exposure group • Where/when to focus subsequent visits • Obtain chemical list, process information, MSDS’s. SOP’s, exposure guidelines, workforce information.

Exposure Assessment • Supervisor/employee interviews • Subsequent tours: • Engineering controls • Observe, observe, observe • Document exposure points • Estimate exposure ratings

Prioritize Exposures • Assign exposure ratings • Assign toxicity rating • Calculate priority rating • Use ratings and professional judgment to determine monitoring plan

Exposure Rating Both inhalation and skin exposures are expected to be negligible [< 10 % of the Polaroid Exposure Guideline (PEG)]i.e. closed system with no potential for release to the work area. Both inhalation and skin exposures are expected to be low (11-25% of PEG)i.e. working around closed systems with potential for release at identified points. There is a potential for moderate inhalation and/or skin exposures (25-50% of PEG) i.e. manual handling of materials with low to moderate volatility/dustiness There is a potential for high inhalation and/or skin exposures (51-99% of PEG) i.e. sampling or packaging high volatility materials without sufficient local ventilation Frequent contact or exposure to the agent at very high concentrations (>100 % of the PEG) 0 (very low) 1 (low) 2 (moderate) 3 (high) 4 (very high)

Toxicity Rating Toxicity Rating Description Very Low (1) PEG = 100 ppm or 10 mg/m3 Low (2) PEG = 50-100 ppm or 5-10 mg/m3 Moderate (3) PEG = 5-50 ppm or 0.5-5 mg/m3 High (4) PEG = 0.5-5 ppm or 0.05-0.5 mg/m3 Very High (5) PEG < 0.5 ppm or 0.05 mg/m3

PRIORITY RATING Toxicity Rating X Exposure Rating

Recommendations • Historical monitoring data • Priority Rating • Professional Judgment • OSHA standards • Chemicals with very low PEG’s

Worker Exposure Assessment Plan • Purpose • Objective • Method • Process Review • Chemical and Exposure Point Summary • Review of Historical Monitoring Data • Recommendations • Appendices

Appendices • Corporate Safety Instruction • Department Chemical List (including Process, PEG, PEL and Toxicity Rating) • Exposure Point Inventory • Historical IH Monitoring Files • Chemicals with PEG’s less than 0.5 mg/m3

Exposure Point List Exposure Point Exposure Rating Toxicity Rating Priority Rating Chemical Mix Area Weighing Zinc Oxide 1 (low) 3 (mod) 3 Charging Mixer with MnO2 2 (mod) 4 (high) 8

Duct Cleaning Exposure Point Raw Materials Weighing Exposure Point Filter Changes Exposure Point

Recommendations - Worker Exposure Monitoring • Selection of exposure points for monitoring • Schedule, priority & rationale • Scope & specification of sampling plan • Monitoring to include • Ventilation assessment • Documentation of worker exposures • Reassessment

Recommended Monitoring Plan Area/Task Chemical/ Agent Type of Sample Min. # of Samples Method Chemical Mix Area Weighing Developer Chemicals Particulates 8-Hour TWA 3 NIOSH 0500

Request For Quotation Outlines tasks and schedule for completing the monitoring

M. Kesselring; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Anderson; Arthur D. Little, Inc. M. Walters; Polaroid Corporation