Temporal scales of coastal variability and land-ocean processes

1. Temporal scales of coastal variability and land-ocean processes J. Salisbury, J. Campbell, D. Vandemark, A. Mahadevan, B. Jonsson, H. Xue, C. Hunt

2. miss2 Slides for discussion: Temporal scales of coastal variability and land-ocean processes

3. Issues • Land fluxes daily variability • Phytoplankton - respiration • Production/sinking dynamics • Tides • Storms • Fronts • Probability of MODIS imagery in GOM?

4. Wayne Esaias Oceanus, 1981

5. U.S. Geological Survey Marine and Coastal Geology Program

6. MODIS coverage in the Gulf of Maine All data % Coverage per image Jonsson, Salisbury Mahadevan, 2007

7. MODIS coverage in the Gulf of Maine > 30% % Coverage per image Jonsson, Salisbury Mahadevan, 2007

8. MODIS coverage in the Gulf of Maine > 60% % Coverage Jonsson, Salisbury Mahadevan, 2007

9. Cruise days (in red) where we had >25% satellite coverage

10. miss2

12. Process studies: the case for staring

13. Relationship Between River Inputs and Coastal Ecosystem Properties 3 May 2004 • Satellite evidence points towards linkages between high chlorophyll and river outflow

14. Relationship Between River Inputs and Coastal Ecosystem Properties • Relationship between river DIN flux and satellite-derived chlorophyll Eastern Box Western Box Western Box Source: Lohrenz et al. (2008)

16. Mao et al., 2005 (JGR)

17. DOC concentrations vs. EVIIpswich MA

18. Station Data

19. Short-term changes of bio-optical properties

20. Backscattering and Chl-a December 2004 January 2005

21. Backscattering and Chl-a Power spectra

22. Short-term changes in cyanobacteria bloom size

23. Addressing horizontal motion in remotely sensed data: Lagrangian tracking of satellite products with a numerical model: NASA-NNH07ZDA001N-Carbon J.Salisbury (PI), A. Mahadevan, B. Jonsson, J.Tweddle and D. Vandemark.

24. Ocean color (MODIS) derived POC tracked over “Lagrangian” space-time (POCt2 - POCt1) POCt1 DICuptake (t2 - t1) POCt2 Same premise: to the first order: POCPHYTO ≈ DICuptake ≈ NCP Jonsson, Salisbury, Mahadevan, Campbell, (2008a, 2008b)

25. More assumptions: 1. For this exercise, phytoplankton POCPHYTO : Chl was constant (~60:1)* 2. Depth of integration was Kd490nm-1 3. Sinking, vertical mixing and phyto DOC are minimal, over short (2-7 day) time scales

26. Methods: 1. Characterize advection in 2 dimensions using a circulation model

28. Methods: Seed the model with satellite-derived POC (POC based on chlorophyll shown)

30. Estimate the difference in a Lagrangian frame of reference POC at t2 (+ 5 days) POC at t1

32. Median NCP The results provide estimates of Gulf of Maine NCP over 3 years • numbers are reasonable (relative to Salisbury et al, 2009) • seasonal variability is correct • slightly above zero (inferred heterotrophic) over 3 years • we need to try this in an area with less clouds Jonnson et al., 2009

33. One broad conclusion for both topics: Satellite color data contain valuable information about the temporal and spatial dynamics of DICuptake in the surface ocean. • Results are promising but we need to address: • We need phytoplankton carbon from space! • Mixing, advection (vertical and horizontal) • Air-sea exchange of CO2 • Disparate ocean color and SST data sets

34. This research is supported by: NASA NASA-NNH07ZDA001N-Carbon NASA - NNX06AE29G -NIP - and NOAA NOAA NA05NOS4731206 Thanks!

35. Our Lagrangian analysis methods also provide a realistic time- space interpolation.

36. Interpolation of a MODIS chl row over 5 days Linear Lagrangian Time (5days) Longitude

37. Results from Chalk-ex related to GEOCAPE: highlighting rapid rates of dispersion of inanimate chalk particles in a Slope environment William M. Balch, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, POB475, McKown Point Rd, W. Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575

38. Chalk particles have slow sinking rates are optically active…

40. Mass of chalk

41. Mass of chalk

42. Area of chalk patch

43. Area of chalk patch