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Independence

Independence. War of Independence: the Mutiny. May 10, 1857 In Meerut Northern and central India Sepoy Rebellion The Great Mutiny The Revolt of 1857 Sepoy - an Indian soldier in the service of the British [from Urdu sipāhī , from Persian: horseman , from sipāh army ] Reasons:

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Independence

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  1. Independence

  2. War of Independence: the Mutiny • May 10, 1857 • In Meerut • Northern and central India • Sepoy Rebellion • The Great Mutiny • The Revolt of 1857 • Sepoy - an Indian soldier in the service of the British [from Urdu sipāhī , from Persian: horseman , from sipāharmy] • Reasons: 1. annexation of Oudth 2. Greased with animal fat Lee-Enfield rifle cartridges • Last battles at Gwalior on June 21, 1858 and Sirwa Pass on May 21, 1859

  3. After the Mutiny • Liquidation of the Mughal Empire • Last Emperor Bahadur Shah II exiled to Burma • Abolishment of the British East India Company • Establishment of the British Raj • Queen Victoria became the Empress of India in 1877 • The Indian Civil Service: the governor general (viceroy), executive and legislative councils, provincial governors • 40% of territory, 20-25% of population was under the control of 562 princes • The separation of the army into the 3 presidencies • The British were confined to cantonments

  4. The Congress and the League • Inspired by A.O. Hume, 73 Indian delegates founded the Indian National Congress in Bombay in 1885 • By 1900 – all-India political organization • Sayyid Ahmad Khan intiated Muslim regeneration movement • George Curzon ordered the partition of Bengal in 1905 • Boycotting British products (swadeshi) • All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906 • King Emperor George V reversed the partition of Bengal, moved the capital to New Delhi

  5. Independence • Dual mode of administration, dyarchy, in 1919 • Rowlatt Acts/Black Acts issued in 1919 vesting the viceroy with unprecedented powers • The rise of discontent inspired by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi • Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar on April 13, 1919 • Muslim League Session in 1940 demanded the separation of India (the Pakistan Resolution) • Two abortive agitations against the British and participation in Word War II, organized by the Congress in 1940-1942, resulted in arresting 60,000 Congress members • The Muslim League supported the British during WWII • To avoid the war between Hindus and Muslims, partition was the only option • On August 15, 1947, India strode to freedom

  6. Additional Lecture • 7 апреля (воскресенье) • 16.00 • «Индия от Ариев до Гуптов» • Музей Востока • Никитский бульвар, 12А

  7. Next class Lecture: Politics. Government Philosophy. Religion Presentations: Jawaharlal Nehru Indira Gandhi Discussion: One religion – many manifestations?

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