New Republic and Washington’s Presidency, 1789-1797

1. New Republic and Washington’s Presidency, 1789-1797

2. Setting up the New Republic Setting up the National Government, Court Systems, Economy, and National Security

3. Washington takes the oath of office April 30, 1789 Federal Hall Washington

4. Jump Start- Mon. January 13, 2014 • Use your phones to define the word precedent • Make sure that YOU understand the definition you find • We refer to Washington as the “Precedent President” • Using the definition you found and the information from last week’s video, why do you think we do so?

5. Washington’s Presidency • Received all electoral votes • Electors wrote down 2 names • Top winner became President, runner-up became Vice President • Inaugurated on April 30, 1789 • Inaugurated: sworn in • Adams (Federalist) becomes VP • Remained neutral in political parties • His every action was seen as a precedent since he was the first president • Precedent:an example

6. Setting Up the Courts & Cabinet • Constitution created the Supreme Court BUT left lots of decisions up to Congress • Federal Judiciary Act (1789) • 6 member Supreme Court • Created lower federal courts- could settle cases dealing with national laws, states, or national gov’t • Congress also created departments to help the President run the U.S. • Heads of these became Washington’s cabinet • Washington was able to select the men who led each department

7. Sec. of Treasury Hamilton Managed the country’s money Sec. of War Knox Oversaw the country’s defenses Sec. of State Jefferson Oversaw relations between the U.S. and other countries Forming the First Cabinet

8. Cabinet Restructuring PAP • Using this website, http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet, you and your partner will briefly research the 15 current cabinet positions. • After previewing the list, pick 5 which are the least necessary, in your opinion. • Then, visit the individual websites of those 5 to learn in more detail what they actually do. • You will select 3 to remove and complete the short answer questions on your “Cabinet Restructuring” sheet. • This is due at the end of class.

9. Pick 5 to research further from this list Cabinet Position Website

10. Cabinet Restructuring OL • Using this website, http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet, you and your partner will briefly research the 15 current cabinet positions. • After previewing the list, pick 3which are the least necessary, in your opinion. • Then, visit the individual websites of those 3 to learn in more detail what they actually do. • You will select 1 to remove and complete the short answer questions on your “Cabinet Restructuring” sheet. • This is due at the end of class.

11. Pick 3 to research further from this list Cabinet Position Website

12. Jump Start • Come in and sit with your groups from yesterday • PAP: get out your “Cabinet Restructuring” Sheet • OL: get out your Cabinet Matching sheet • I will pass out the Chrome Books • You have 15 minutes to finish your research and decide which Cabinet position(s) gets the pink slip!

13. Create-A-Plan- PAP The Revolutionary War has been over for 8 years, but the nation is still in huge debt. You have been hired to work for the Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Your task is to create a plan to get the nation out of debt as fast as possible, but remember, enough people have to agree on this plan in order for it to pass. Here are some things to think about: • How can the government raise revenue (make money)? • If you tax, what types of goods should be taxed? • States all have different forms of currency. How do you raise money that is all different? • States have also accrued debt, which they are more worried about paying off than the national debt. How do you solve this? • You owe both foreign countries and individual citizens. Who should get paid first and why?

14. Jump Start- Wednesday 15th • Define “debt” in your own words • Is debt a good thing to have? Explain yourself... • How do individuals get out of debt? • How would the government get out of debt?

15. Economic Problems • War debt • Owed money to foreign countries, merchants, AND private citizens • More than 52 million dollars • About $1,291,836,000 today! (1.3 billion) • Government leaders saw it as a requirement for the U.S. to pay this money back • Wanted to maintain a healthy line of credit • Also wanted to be able to borrow money in the future

16. Hamilton’s Economic Plan • Showed his belief in a strong central government • 1. National govt should pay public debt and state debt • 2. Revenue should be raised • Government income • Favored tariffs:taxes on imported goods • 3. Create a National Bank • Safe place to keep govt money • Would make loans • Coin money • Washington supported his plan • Would strengthen the national government • Had support from the wealthy and elite • Worried Anti-Feds who favored free enterprise • free enterprise : business conducted without government control

17. Opposition to Hamilton’s Program • Virginia (VA) and many other Southern states protests assuming state debts • They had already paid their debts • Anti-Federalists worried about strengthening the national government • Capital is built in the South as compromise • Washington D.C. • National Bank • Created a debate over interpretation of Constitution • Loose (broad or flexible) vs.Strict (narrow or limited) • Bank established in 1791

18. OL Jump Start for Tues. 1/21 • Turn in homework if not in on FRI. • Copy the standard in your notebook: • “Identify the foreign policies of certain presidents such as Washington and explain the impact.” (5E) • Predict – What foreign nations might he be dealing with? What do they want from us? Would it be beneficial to pick sides? Why? Explain your answer.

19. PAP Jump Start for Tues. 1/21 • Have out homework if not in on FRI. • Copy the standard in your notebook: • “Identify the foreign policies of certain presidents such as Washington and explain the impact.” (5E) • Complete the Compass Points below: • N – What are the New Republic’s needs? • E – What excited Americans at this time? • W – What worries did they face? • S – What 2 stances were taken regarding Hamilton’s Financial Plan?

20. Beginnings of Political Parties • Early disagreements over the creation of the newrepublicled to the creation of allies and enemies • Republic: country governed by elected reps • Writers of the Constitution had to make it flexible for the many different situations that would emerge • This also led to disagreements over its meaning • Two camps emerge • Federalist • Anti-Federalist (Republican)

21. Whiskey Rebellion • Conflict arose over the new taxes • Farmers refused to pay • Whiskey Rebellion (1794) • Farmers in Pennsylvania beat up a tax collector • Others threatened to attack Pittsburg (the capitol) • Washington sent troops to control the rebels • Proved that the govt could AND would enforce the law Whiskey Rebellion Flag

22. STEP #1 Draw a large rectangle vertically on your paper to take up MOST of the page.

23. STEP #2 Copy the sentence above into your classmate’s notebook. Copy ALL of it! NEATLY….so that they can read it, of course!

24. STEP #3 Sign “SPAIN” by an X on the line in the bottom LEFT CORNER.

25. STEP #4 Sign “U.S.” by an X on the line in the bottom RIGHT CORNER.

26. STEP #4 At the TOP of your notebook, copy the TITLE of the TREATY! And there you have it….Pinckney’s Treaty (Cliffs Notes Style)!

27. Foreign Policy: French Revolution To Help France… Or Not... Britain was our biggest trading partner Britain was against France Too risky to fight them again Hamilton favored not helping • They aided us during the Revolution • Treaty still bound U.S. and France together as allies • Jefferson favored helping Washington decided that we would be neutral Congress passed a law forbidding aid to either side

28. Jump Start – 1/22 • Look at the last slide on your handout titled “Washington’s Farewell”. • In your notebook, answer the following: • What events led to bullet point topics? • Why mention these things to the American public when he is leaving? • Why step down instead of continuing on?

29. OL Jump Start – 1/22 • Look at the third slide on your handout titled “Foreign Policy: French Revolution”. • Answer the following in your notebook: • What is the problem regarding France? • What are the pros/cons of helping? • What are the pros/cons of not helping? • Why do you think Washington chose neutrality?

30. Washington’s Farewell • Although some opposed his policy of neutrality, he served as a symbol of national unity for 8 years • His farewell address provided advice and warnings for the country: • Benefits of federal government • Warns against political parties • Importance of morality • Stable credit • Policy of neutrality • Against over-powerful militaries