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Lecture 11 – Fourier Transforms III The return of the Fourier Transform

Lecture 11 – Fourier Transforms III The return of the Fourier Transform. Cosine form of Fourier Transforms Applications of Fourier Transforms The Dirac delta function. where. where. Definition of Fourier Transforms. Complexity, Symmetry and the Cosine Transform. So we can say:-.

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Lecture 11 – Fourier Transforms III The return of the Fourier Transform

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  1. Lecture 11 – Fourier Transforms III The return of the Fourier Transform • Cosine form of Fourier Transforms • Applications of Fourier Transforms • The Dirac delta function

  2. where where Definition of Fourier Transforms

  3. Complexity, Symmetry and the Cosine Transform So we can say:- If f(x) is real and even then We know that the Fourier transform from x space into k space can be written as:- We also know that we can write f(x) is generally a real function but may have odd or even (but possibly neither) symmetry If f(x) is even then only the first integral above is non-zero and F(k) will be real If f(x) is odd then only the second integral above is non-zero and F(k) will be complex

  4. Example 5: Repeat Example 1 using Fourier cosine transform formula above. Find F(k) for this function

  5. Diffraction through an aperture, now ky0 Application – Diffraction in Optics Plane wave, only kx0

  6. It can be shown that the vertical components of the wavevector (ksin) are produced by the Fourier transform of the function that defines the aperture f(y). The diffraction pattern is proportional to the square of the Fourier transform of f(y):

  7. Dirac Delta Function Introduction I’m thinking of a single square wave pulse of area 1 unit (‘unity’). What will happen if I slowly decrease the width for a constant area ? What will happen as the width tends to zero? We’re left with a spike of zero width and infinite height. This is called a delta function.

  8. Dirac Delta Function The delta function d(x) has the value zero everywhere except at x = 0 where its value is infinitely large in such a way that its total integral is 1. The Dirac delta function d(x) is very useful in many areas of physics. It is not an ordinary function, in fact properly speaking it can only live inside an integral. d(x) is a spike centred at x = 0 d(x – x0) is a spike centred at x = x0

  9. Dirac Delta Function The product of the delta function d(x – x0) with any function f(x) is zero except where x ~ x0. Formally, for any function f(x) Example: What is ?

  10. Dirac Delta Function The product of the delta function d(x – x0) with any function f(x) is zero except where x ~ x0. Formally, for any function f(x) Examples (a) find (b) find (c) find the FT of

  11. Example What is the diffraction pattern produced by two very narrow slits separated by a distance d? Describe system by two delta functions at y=d/2 f(y)=(y-d/2)+(y+d/2)

  12. y  d D

  13. Conclusions • FT of even and odd functions – cosine form of FT • Applications of FTs • The Dirac delta function

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