Bio 3411 Midterm Review: Structure/Development/Systems/Plastics/Talents/Diseases/Genes

1. Bio 3411 Midterm Review: Structure/Development/Systems/Plastics/Talents/Diseases/Genes Wednesday October 27, 2010 Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

2. Structure – General Overview Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

3. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3rd ed, p. 8 Mid-line (sagittal) section through central nervous system (CNS). Note the relationship between vertebrae (BLACK), segments of the spinal cord (RED) and spinal nerves (YELLOW). Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

4. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3rd ed, p. 9 The different regions of the brain from the lateral (side) and median section (middle) human brain. These brain regions are discernable in in all vertebrates and in early embryos. (cerebral cortex = gold; thalamus = blue/purple; midbrain = orange; pons = purple, cerebellum = blue; medulla = red/orange; spinal cord = green) Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

5. Photograph of neurons stained by Golgi’s method which fills processes of some cells with black precipitates of heavy metals and Nissl which stains all nuclei and neuronal cytoplasm blue. Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

6. A neuron grown in tissue culture that is stained with antibodies for pre and post synaptic proteins. Red shows presynaptic and green shows postsynaptic localization. Yellow indicates close proximity of the two at synapses. This picture indicates the number, distribution and density of synapses on a nerve cell the role of which is to “integrate” information from many sources. Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

7. Development Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

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11. Systems Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

12. Mixed spinal nerve Segmental nerve: (posterior (dorsal) root = sensory - touch; anterior (ventral) root = motor -movement; spinal or posterior (dorsal) root ganglion = sensory nerve cell bodies) Periphery (skin, muscle, etc.) Spinal cord front = anterior back = posterior Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

13. THE BRAIN ATLAS 3rd ed, p. 183 Face Hand Body Foot Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

14. Sources of Descending Pathways for Movement Control Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

15. Movement Touch Angular gyrus Broca’s area Vision Hearing Wernicke’s area Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

16. Special Talents Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

17. Albert Einstein – “for my scientific thinking” …“words do not seem to play any role” … but there is “associative play” of “more or less clear images” of a “visual and muscular type.” Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

18. Plastics Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

19. Normal Adult Most Whiskers Removed at Birth A Row of Whiskers Removed at Birth An Arc of Whiskers Removed at Birth Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

20. With “prism goggles” on, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. Before “prism goggles”, tosses hit target With “prism goggles” off, tosses are slowly corrected to hit target. Martin et al (1996) Brain119:1183; 119:1199. Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

21. Diseases Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

22. Neuroscience, Fig 15.1, p. 372 Descending systems from the brain influence cells in the spinal cord to create movements. The cerebellum and the basal ganglia indirectly influence movements as indicated schematically here. Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

23. Sites of self stimulation in the rat (arrows) Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

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25. Genes Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

26. Victor McKusick organized a catalog of human inherited conditions first published in 1966. Since then the number has grown approximately 15 fold. Of these, an increasing number of conditions has been identified as having some component related to the nervous system. From: McKusick 2001 JAMA Added After Lecture 10/28/05 Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

27. From: Bellugi et al 2001 TINS Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

28. Summary Bio 3411 Mid-Term Review

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