What is being represented in this cartoon?

1. What is being represented in this cartoon? • What do you think the name of the this cartoon is? Why?

3. From 1880 to 1914 European nations used imperialism to dominate the continent of Africa

4. The arrival of Europeans changed Africa The Industrial Revolution led to imperialism in Africa in the mid-1800s Before Europeans, Africa was divided into tribal clans During the Age of Exploration, Europeans explored the African coast …and brought African slaves to their colonies in America …and powerful Islamic kingdoms

5. In the 1870s, the discoveries of a missionary named David Livingstone increased European interest in Africa The first Europeans to explore the interior of Africa were missionaries & explorers Reports of large deposits of natural resources & the rise of nationalism in Europe set off a race for African colonies Social Darwinism, steamboats, & industrial weapons encouraged the conquest of Africa

6. What does this image represent?

7. The race for African colonies was so fierce that Europeans became afraid wars would break out In 1884, 14 nations met at the Congress of Berlin to “set the rules” for colonizing in Africa Any nation could claim land in Africa by notifying other nations & showing it could control the area Quick class discussion: What kind of rules do you think they came up with? No African nations were invited to attend; No concern was given to ethic divisions in Africa

8. By 1914, Europeans controlled 90% of Africa France took most of west Africa Belgium claimed the Congo in central Africa Germany had many colonies throughout Africa These nations used African colonies to gain diamonds, tin, gold, rubber & built cash-crop plantations

9. The most dominant imperial power in Africa was Great Britain British industry fueled demand for raw materials Britain claimed colonies in Egypt & in East Africa England In 1882, Britain seized control of the Suez Canal from a French company India Britain seized control of South Africa from the Dutch Egypt Many citizens in England dreamed of a British colony from “Capetown to Cairo” South Africa

10. The most important empire-builder in Africa was British businessman, Cecil Rhodes His DeBeers Company created diamond mines in South Africa Rhodes gained new colonies for Britain in southern Africa Rhodes used his wealth to build railroads & telegraph lines in Africa

11. What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa? Europeans introduced new technologies like railroads, telegraph lines, & steamboats… …but transportation routes only connected areas that benefited European businessmen Europeans brought an end to the slave trade… …but Africans were paid low wages & exploited

12. What was the impact of European imperialism in Africa? Europeans built schools, churches, & hospitals… …but Africans were taught European culture Europeans profited off Africa’s raw materials & cheap African labor Africans were unable to rule themselves, participate in voting, or learn professional skills In South Africa, the British segregated society called apartheid which remained in place for over 100 years

13. Africans rebelled against European rule, but were defeated due to advanced European weaponry

14. Africa remained under the control of European imperialists from the 1880s until the 1950s & 1960s

15. Closure Activity: The White Man’s Burden • Read Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden” & answer the discussion questions • According to the poem, what is the “white man’s burden”? • According to Kipling, what is the white man getting involved in imperialism? • How does the poem demonstrate racism? Find specific examples from the poem • Do you think Kipling’s poem is in favor of or against European imperialism? Why?