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WALL

WALL. Adán Cardona Andreina cárdenas María del pilar rama. Content. Introduction Definition History Materials used for construction Building walls Types of wall : load- bearing walls and non- bearing walls Others types of walls: Separations walls, Shared walls

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WALL

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  1. WALL Adán Cardona Andreina cárdenas María del pilar rama

  2. Content • Introduction • Definition • History • Materials usedforconstruction • Building walls • Types of wall: load-bearing walls and non-bearing walls • Otherstypes of walls: Separations walls, Shared walls • Wall: theviewpoint of Architecture and UrbanPlanning • Examples of wall • Conclusion • References

  3. INTRODUCtION Today much of our daily life unfolds within built spaces: home, work and school, are some of the places where we spent most of the day, the vast majority of these spaces are constructed with walls in different positions. Surely at some point we think are very helpful and were a great invention. Is so, the wall was built as a solution to human needs: protection, and eventually humans changed the use, manufacturing methods and materials. In this opportunity we will make a brief presentation, touching points as its history, the materials used for its construction, uses, types, and the role it can play in different professions such as Architecture and Urban Planner

  4. DEFINITION Whatis a Wall? A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area. Most commonly, a wall delineates a building and supports its superstructure, separates space in buildings into rooms, or protects or delineates a space in the open air.

  5. HISTORY • The wall construction evolved since man become sedentary and feels the need to cover water and wind. • They have subsequently developed some evolutionary changes, such as materials used for construction. Another no less important change is opening windows and doors to allow access of light and ventilation. Moreover, before the invention of artillery, many of the world's cities and towns, particularly in Europe and Asia, had protective walls (also called town walls or city walls). In fact, the English word "wall" is derived from Latin vallum, which was a type of fortification wall. Since they are no longer relevant for defense, such cities have grown beyond their walls, and many of the walls, or portions thereof, have been torn down.

  6. Examples of protective walls on a much larger scale include: The Great Wall of China For example in Rome, An old Italian wall surrounded by flowers. Walls pre-industrial de Barcelona, Spain.

  7. Materials These can be built with very different materials. Being the most used: Wood, brick, plasterboard, wood and its derivatives. While in certain less developed areas of the world still using techniques like the walls of ancient stone, adobe or rammed earth. While in some less developed areas of the world are using techniques such as stone walls, mud or clay.

  8. BUILDING WALLS • All construction begins with the preparation of planes, where indicated the location and dimensions of wall • The wall may house various types of electrical wiring or plumbing. Electrical outlets are usually mounted in walls. • Frequently become works of art externally and internally

  9. TYPES OF WALL LOAD-BEARING WALL • Usually has structural elements • Is thickened in proportion to the forces it has to resist: its own load, the load of floors, roofs, persons, etc., and the lateral forces of arches, vaults, wind, etc., that may cause it to crack. • Loads accumulate towards the base.

  10. non-bearing wall • Doesn’t have to carry loads because loads are carried by other members • Traditional materials are often used, but light walls of glass, plastic, metal alloys, wood products, etc., can be equally efficient. • This freedom of choice extends also the form of walls and offers greatly expanded opportunities for creative expression.

  11. OTHER TYPES OF WALLS Separation walls Some walls are designed to formally separate one population from another. An example was the Berlin Wall, which divided East and West Berlin Shared walls Special laws often govern walls shared by neighboring properties. Typically, one neighbor cannot alter the common wall if it is likely to affect the building or property on the other side. A wall may also separate apartment or hotel rooms from each other. Each wall has two sides and breaking a wall on one side will break the wall on the other side. Retaining walls Are built in order to hold back ground, which would otherwise move downwards. Their purpose is to stabilize slopes and provide useful areas at different elevations, e.g. terraces for agriculture, buildings, roads and railways.

  12. Walls in Architecture In architecture the walls can fulfill the function of linking, as well as separate spaces, whether internal or external. Also depending on the arrangement of the walls, architecture can be used to create a journey into a place such as in a museum, from input to output through all modules. Furthermore even a wall can divide parcels that are open spaces, and to function as a fence to limit a structure of another

  13. Walls in Urban Planning Since the beginning of the creation of cities instinctively walls were used as walls to protect the city from external attacks and to delimit the space where the city would develop and limit their growth. Were then used for a purpose most studied in the case of the Berlin Wall and the Great Wall of China to emerged from political conflict and were designed to end territorial disputes.

  14. EXAMPLES OF WALLS Walls of Troy. Turkey (XII B.C.) Great Wall of China (V B.C.- XVI) Hadrian's Wall. UnitedKingdom(122 A.C.-132 A.C.)

  15. Berlin Wall. Germany (1961 – 1989) Sacsayhuaman. Peru (XV A.C.)

  16. CONCLUSION • The wall was created by man for the sole purpose of protecting from the elements, this use over time evolved, was created walls and windows, and now the wall has become a structure of great important in architectural. • Initially the materials used were stone, clay or clay and is now used different materials like wood, brick, plaster, etc. • The wall construction always starts with developing a plan, then make the construction • In addition to creating spaces, walls also protect the electrical circuit and the pipes of buildings. • Can be of two types load-bearing and non-bearing, but there are other types such as separation walls and shared walls, etc. • In architecture used to create spaces can separate or join. In urban planning is used for political purposes: protection of cities or resolving conflicts between nations or peoples.

  17. REFERENCE • -Reading: Wall https://lie.asignaturas.usb.ve/pluginfile.php/3201/mod_resource/content/0/wall.pdf • http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pared • - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall

  18. Thanks for yourattention!!!

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