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Cogsci/Psychology 127: Lecture 14 Disorders of Memory

Cogsci/Psychology 127: Lecture 14 Disorders of Memory. Announcements 1. Critique due Wednesday, Oct. 29th Office hour adjustment today 1:10 – 2:00 (as usual) 3:10 – 4:00 (2 nd hour delayed). Memory and Learning Essential for adaptive behavior Seen in just about all organisms

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Cogsci/Psychology 127: Lecture 14 Disorders of Memory

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  1. Cogsci/Psychology 127: Lecture 14 Disorders of Memory

  2. Announcements • 1. Critique due Wednesday, Oct. 29th • Office hour adjustment today • 1:10 – 2:00 (as usual) • 3:10 – 4:00 (2nd hour delayed)

  3. Memory and Learning Essential for adaptive behavior Seen in just about all organisms -- Simple attraction/avoidance conditioning in sea slug -- World Memory Championships in London Most popular topic in cogneuro/neuro literature. Behavior: Implications for education and aging. Cellular: Observe mechanisms of change.

  4. Questions for the study of memory. • 1. Where is memory? • The search for the engram.

  5. Questions for the study of memory. 1. Where is memory? 2. Relationship of learning and memory. How are memories created? How are memories retrieved?

  6. Questions for the study of memory. 1. Where is memory? 2. Relationship of learning and memory. How are memories created? How are memories retrieved? 3.Constraints on learning and memory. Failures of encoding or retrieval Functional benefits to memory limitations?

  7. The Mind of a Mnemonist (Luria, 1968) ma va na sa na va na sa na ma va na sa na ma va na etc. -- Give performances in which he would repeat back lists like this without error. -- Problems from one day to next: Couldn't forget. Would write down items since once written down, he wouldn't need to remember it. Burned his notes to reinforce this (w/out success)

  8. The Cost of Memory (2005 style) Fruit flies exposed to shock alone odor and shock at random times: Non-Associative paired odor and shock: Associative Conditioning "Assayed their … starvation resistance, measured as time to death in absence of food and water."

  9. The Cost of Memory (2005 style) Fruit flies exposed to shock alone odor and shock at random times: Non-Associative paired odor and shock: Associative Conditioning "Assayed their … starvation resistance, measured as time to death in absence of food and water." Why might this be?

  10. The Cost of Memory (2005 style) Fruit flies exposed to shock alone odor and shock at random times: Non-Associative paired odor and shock: Associative Conditioning "Assayed their … starvation resistance, measured as time to death in absence of food and water." Protein synthesis required for memory formation came at expense of metabolic resources for rest of body.

  11. Questions for the study of memory. • 1. Where is memory? • Relationship of learning and memory. • Constraints on learning and memory. • Types of memory. • Differences in terms of neural systems and computations. • Multiple memory systems for encoding, consolidation, and retrieval.

  12. Amnesia: Partial or total loss of memory • Retrograde: Memory for events prior to neurological disturbance

  13. Amnesia: Partial or total loss of memory • Retrograde: Memory for events prior to neurological disturbance • Anterograde: Memory for events since neurological disturbance • A learning deficit • Video Clip of Clive • 1:20 – 5:10

  14. Brain Structures Associated with Amnesia Cerebral Cortex: Specific memory deficits examples: anomia, agnosia, prosopagnosia Memory problem? Or access to memories?

  15. Brain Structures Associated with Amnesia Cerebral Cortex: Specific memory deficits examples: anomia, agnosia, prosopagnosia Working memory deficits and prefrontal cortex

  16. Brain Structures Associated with Amnesia Cerebral Cortex: Specific memory deficits Working memory deficits and prefrontal cortex Alzheimer’s disease Video Clips: 14.1 General Confusion, 1:12:40 – 1:14:00 14.2-14.3 Memory tests, conversation 1:17:15 – 1:21:00 14.3 Picture Naming 1:22:20 – 1:24:50 Or cue at 14.1 = 0.0 0:00 – 1:40 Discussion; end w/ “High on the Score” 4:36 – 8:40 Memory tests + tal; end w/ “Thermometer” 9:40 – 12:10 Picture Naming; end w/ “LBJ” Nice contrast of Mussolini and LBJ DVD 14.1: Chapter 39, 1:12:30 to 1:14:17 (after “High on the Score”) 14.2, 14.3: Chapter 40 Memory test starts 1:17:08 to 1:21:25 (end w/ Thermometer (or just show next 50 s on “Strike while iron”) Picture naming: 1:22:15 to 1:24:45 (Mussolini, Parr, Monroe, Johnson)

  17. Brain Structures Associated with Amnesia Cerebral Cortex: Specific memory deficits Working memory deficits and prefrontal cortex Alzheimer’s disease Anterograde amnesia. Retrograde amnesia becomes worse with time. Cortical and subcortical pathology

  18. Alzheimer brain showing extensive atrophy Normal Brain

  19. Pathology visible post-mortem in microanatomy of cerebral cortex in Alzheimer’s Disease Amyloid plaques Neurofibrillary tangles

  20. New imaging method to identify pathology in vivo. Structural radioactive tracer (PIB) that binds specifically to amyloid plaques. Determine distribution of the tracer with PET. Alzheimer Frontal-Temporal Control Dementia Dementia

  21. New imaging method to identify pathology in vivo. Structural radioactive tracer (PIB) that binds specifically to amyloid plaques. Determine distribution of the tracer with PET. Combine with functional PET tracer (FDG) that highlights metabolic activity. Dense plaque label, low metabolism, visible atrophy in AD patient. Frontal puzzle: High PIB label, normal metabolism PIB FDG MRI

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