Coming to America!

1. Coming to America!

2. Do Now Today is a Day of Opportunity • What are the objectives of today’s lesson? • Why do you think these objectives are important?

3. Physical Features of U.S. • With a partner, complete the CHALLENGE • Once complete, place this on page 8 of your INB

5. Roanoke: The Lost Colony • Sir Walter Raleigh (English explorer) – first sees Roanoke in 1584 • Brings 2 natives back with him • Queen Elizabeth so impressed, grants open ticket to claim all lands around Roanoke

7. Roanoke: The Lost Colony • 1585: Sends 100 men to settle Roanoke • They arrive late in season = little food supply • Leader of settlement = Ralph Lane • He is a military man, runs a tight ship • Dissatisfaction is high, men choose to leave when can • Sir Francis Drake takes them home

8. Roanoke: The Lost Colony Let’s try this again: Trip #2 (1587) • John White = Leader • Men, women, and children • First English settler born in New World = Virginia Dare

9. Roanoke: The Lost Colony • White called back to England • Plans to return to Roanoke immediately • Gets stuck in England for THREE YEARS!! • Returns to find no one… • http://www.history.com/videos/in-search-of-history-lost-colony-of-roanoke#in-search-of-history-lost-colony-of-roanoke

11. Power in England Shifts • March 1603: Elizabeth I dies; James I becomes king

12. The Virginia Company • A joint stock company tasked with settling the colony of Virginia • Charter created the company in 1606 (King James I) • What is a joint stock company? • A group of investors who believed they could make money [find gold] by moving people to America.

13. Disney’s Portrayal • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xfNRRVSndA4

16. Do Now • Which English explorer was highly intrigued by Roanoke and pushed for settlement? • What is the Virginia Company?

17. Charters of Virginia • 1st Charter (1606) • King of England gives permission for companies to settle in North America • 2nd Charter (1609) • Allows the joint stock company to enforce the laws of England • 3rd Charter (1612) • Establishes additional laws for those living in America

18. English Settlements • Council (governing body) chosen by the Virginia Company (in Britain) • Did not open documents until landed

19. Jamestown (1607)

20. Jamestown • First PERMANENT English colony • Leader: John Smith (not known until land) • Pros: Strategic locations, not inhabited by Native Americans • Cons: On marshland, mosquitoes, lack of fresh water

21. Jamestown: DRAMA! • 144 men landed in Jamestown. • What were these men looking for? • Didn’t know how to farm or raise livestock. • Many refused to do manual labor. • By end of first year only 1/3 remained • Starvation, disease

22. John Smith and Jamestown • “He who does not work, will not eat” • December 1607: Smith captured by Powhatans • Pocahontas: Relationship aided Jamestown

23. Jamestown: STARVING!1609-1610 • October 1609: John Smith to England • Native American relations deteriorate • Trade lacking • 440 of 500 die • Survivors seek to abandon colony • Intercepted by new governor

24. John (#2) and Jamestown • John Rolfe • Commercialization of tobacco • Marries Pocahontas

25. Plymouth (1620)The Pilgrims! • 2nd permanent colony • The Pilgrims or Puritans (Protestant Separatists) leave Europe in September of 1620. • 102 passengers aboard the Mayflower.

26. Plymouth • Would not have survived if not for Squanto, a member of the Wampanoag tribe. • Taught farming, fishing, and translated

27. We have settlements….Where go from here? • Full on COLONIES!!! • What, what?! We are here to STAY!! • Each of the original 13 was settled for a unique reason

28. Do Now List the colonies that are a part of: 1. The Southern region 2. The Middle region 3. `The New England region

29. Do Now • How are the economies of New England, the Middle region, and the Southern region different from one another?

30. New England Colonies • Why they came… • Religious freedom • Puritans and Pilgrims: Didn’t want to have the King as leader of church

31. Pilgrims: Fleeing persecution in England Sought to separate from Church of England Mayflower  Plymouth Idea of religious freedom: To separate from Church of England Puritans: Advocated strict religious discipline; sought to “purify” their church John Winthrop Massachusetts Bay Colony Idea of religious freedom: They worship to serve God in way they saw fit Religious Groups in Colonies

32. Middle Colonies • Why they came… • Religious freedom • Quakers (tolerant, peaceful) • Economic opportunity • Shipping, trading, farming, fishing

33. Religious Groups Cont’d • Quakers: Reject formal ministry and formal ways of worship • William Penn  Pennsylvania: Most tolerant of various religions

34. Southern Colonies • Why they came… • Economic opportunity • Cavaliers: Noblemen who receive land grants • Plantations: large scale farms

35. Which religious group would you have preferred to be a part of? Why?

36. Government, represent! • Magna Carta (1215) • King John grants rights to all “freemen of our kingdom”  limits his own power • Established concept of “no taxation without representation” • Established Parliament

37. Mayflower Compact (1620): The Deets • The FIRST written framework for self-government • Trying to keep people inline, not setup permanent gov’t • Mayflower passengers agreed: • To live in an organized gov’t and obey laws

38. Mayflower Compact (1620) • Sets foundation for covenant communities • Community bound together by commitment to a governing document

39. The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Considered 1st Constitution written in colonies • Aims to set up permanent gov’t that involves the people

40. How are the Mayflower Compact and Fundamental Orders of Connecticut different from one another? How are they similar?

41. Other Acts of Self-Government • New England: Town meetings  People discussed and solved local issues • Virginia: House of Burgesses (1619) • 1st elected legislature in colonies • 12 other colonies followed suit

42. How does the establishment of the House of Burgesses affect your life today?

43. Stirring of Rights • Zenger Trial: Right to express yourself • 1734: Speak poorly about gov’t  Go to jail • Zenger (a printer) does just that • His lawyer argues that public should have right to protest against abuses of power

44. Wake-up, Colonies • The Great Awakening: A religious revival that encouraged people to question authority • Thought truth in Bible, not man-made laws What is going to be the impact of the Great Awakening?

45. Posters! • You are to create an advertisement for one of the original 13 colonies. • You must include: • The name of your colony • The region your colony is in • Economic, social, and political factors that would make someone want to live there.

46. NOT GUILTY!! • Zenger Trial promotes idea that press should have right to print truth EVEN if that means saying something bad about gov’t

47. Albany Plan of Union • Ben Franklin: The colonies should ban together for self defense • …We should be like the Iroquois and have a confederation • Parliament: Uh…we don’t think so. • We don’t want to have our authority threatened

48. Tolerance (?) • Act of Religious Toleration (1649) • Maryland passes • Catholics and Protestants had not been getting along • No Christian could be “troubled” because s/he is practicing own religion • Did NOT apply to non-Christians

49. House of Burgesses • Main order of business was to make laws and oversee taxes • Has operated non-stop since 1619 • Today it is known as the VA General Assembly