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Effective Nuclear Charge

Effective Nuclear Charge. Z* = Z –  Z = nuclear charge = atomic number  = shielding = electron-electron repulsions H He Li. Example 1: For a 2s electron in a Be atom (1s 2 2s 2 , Z = 4) σ = 2(0.85) + 1(0.35) = 2.05 Z eff = 4 – 2.05 = 1.95

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Effective Nuclear Charge

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  1. Effective Nuclear Charge Z* = Z –  Z = nuclear charge = atomic number  = shielding = electron-electron repulsions H He Li

  2. Example 1: For a 2s electron in a Be atom (1s22s2, Z = 4) σ = 2(0.85) + 1(0.35) = 2.05 Zeff = 4 – 2.05 = 1.95 Example 2: For a 3p electron in a phosphorus atom (1s22s22p63s23p3, Z = 15) σ = 4(0.35) + 8(0.85) + 2(1.00) = 10.20 Zeff = 15 - 10.20 = 4.80

  3. BCNOF

  4. Why does Z* increase moving across a period?

  5. LiNaKCompare with ionization energy:Li: 520 kJ/molNa: 496 kJ/molK: 419 kJ/mol

  6. BCNCompare with ionization energy:B: 801 kJ/molC: 1086 kJ/molN: 1402 kJ/mol

  7. Z*, Atomic Size and Pi Bonding

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