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Settling the Western Frontier 1862-1890

Settling the Western Frontier 1862-1890. Ch. 18—p. 349. Sect 1: The Great Plains. A vast stretch between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. Americans traveled west by stagec oach. St. Louis, MO was the western end of the railroad at this time.

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Settling the Western Frontier 1862-1890

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  1. Settling the Western Frontier1862-1890 Ch. 18—p. 349

  2. Sect 1: The Great Plains • A vast stretch between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains

  3. Americans traveled west by stagecoach

  4. St. Louis, MO was the western end of the railroad at this time

  5. Americans were afraid of American Indians • Wagon Trains-brought shipments of supplies (large number of wagons traveling together)

  6. Telegraph- improved communication

  7. Transcontinental Railroad- extended the railroad across the continent • Central Pacific Railroad- Started west (Sacramento CA) and was built east

  8. Union Pacific Railroad-was started in Omaha NE and built west • Chinese immigrants and Irish war veterans were hired to build the railroad • It was dangerous—many killed

  9. Tunnels had to be blasted through mountains • In May of 1869, the two railroads met at Promontory Point, Utah

  10. Central Pacific- more than 700 miles of track • Union Pacific- more than 1,000 miles of track • The Great Plains could be settled easier with the use of the railroad

  11. Ch.18-Sect.2- Frontier Life-p.352 • Miners, farmers, and cowhands settled the west

  12. Cowhand- people who tended to cattleThey searched for gold, built cattle ranches, and claimed land for family farms

  13. Gold was discovered near Pikes Peak, Colorado just before the Civil War • Prospector-a person who searches for gold, silver, and other minerals • Prospectors traveled many miles to the west to find gold • During the 1860s gold was discovered in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming

  14. Most miners never became rich • Many who traveled west in search for gold settled down and became farmers, ranchers, or loggers

  15. There was a lack of law and order in the west • Many formed city governments • They elected sheriffs

  16. Cattle Country • Longhorn cattle were running wild in Texas • Texans rounded up the cattle and raised it for beef, hides, and other goods

  17. Cattle was easy to raise in the Great Plains • Ranchers wanted to bring their cattle to Chicago

  18. They lacked transportation until the railroad was built

  19. Cowhands guided cattle and branded them with the mark of their owner

  20. The Chisholm Trail was a widely used cattle trail • A cattle drive took more than two months • Cowhands spent about 18 hrs. a day in the saddle

  21. Cowtowns were where cowhands stopped to rest • They had many saloons and gambling houses

  22. United States Marshalls provided law in cowtowns • Marshalls like Wild Bill Hickok

  23. The Homestead Act- 1862-made it easy for pioneers to own land • Settlers were given 160acres if they agreed to live on it for 5 years

  24. Homesteader- a pioneer who owned land under the Homestead Act • Theses farmers found the ground hard to plow and there was little rain • Trees for building and fuel were only found on riverbanks • Farmers began to make houses out of sod • Sod- grass and roots that is thickly matted

  25. Sod House

  26. Joseph Glidden-Barbed Wire • Barbed wire kept cattle from roaming or wandering off

  27. Windmill-powered by the wind to pump water from a well

  28. The Plains Indians – Sect 3-p. 356 • Cheyenne, Comanche, Blackfeet and 7 tribes of the Sioux lived on the Plains • They were hunters and nomads • Nomad- walks from place to place in search of food; following buffalo herds

  29. Buffalo • Indians ate the meat, used the hides for clothing, shelter and used the bones to make tools

  30. Buffalo hide

  31. Buffalo hide for Shelter

  32. Buffalo bones for tools

  33. Killing of the Buffalo • The Army thought if they killed the buffalo they would force the Indians to settle in one place • Farmers and ranchers wanted the buffalo out of their way • Others killed buffalo to sell their hides

  34. Wild Bill Cody • Killed more than 4,000 buffalo in 18 months • Got the name “Buffalo” Bill • By 1889, only 541 buffalo survived in the US

  35. Indians were moved to reservations • Reservation-land set aside by the government for the American Indians • Some Indians chose to fight • Reservations were in New Mexico, Arizona, Dakotas and Wyoming

  36. Gold Discovered in South Dakota • This land was holy to the Sioux Indians • They believed the “Great Spirit” lived in its hills • The US government promised the Black Hills would belong to the Sioux forever • Prospectors invaded the Black Hills for gold • Chiefs Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse gathered more than 2,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors to defend their lands

  37. Chiefs SittingBull and Crazy Horse gathered more than 2,000 Sioux and Cheyenne warriors to defend their lands

  38. General George Armstrong Custer and the Seventh Cavalry met the Indians at Little Big Horn • Custer and 210 members of his troops were killed

  39. Indians are Starving after Victory • Chief Joseph led the Nez Perce as they fled and traveled 1,500 miles in 75 days • Many Indians starved or froze to death • Chief Joseph urged his people to surrender -------“I will fight no more forever”

  40. Chief Joseph

  41. American Indian Reservations-1890

  42. Chief Red Cloud • Went to Washington D.C. to inform the government of the Sioux’s problems • He said they were dishonest, broke treaties, and instilled fear • Called the President, “Great White Father” to bring peace

  43. Congress Aids American Indians-Sect. 4-p.360 • A book about how the Indians were mistreated was written by Helen Hunt Jackson—A Century of Dishonor • The Dawes Act-1887- A law that would turn American Indians into independent farmers • Attempted to protect the Indians from being cheated

  44. The Battle of Wounded Knee • Indians believed in performing a Ghost Dance • This dance would protect them from bullets, remove white settlers, and bring back the buffalo • The Ghost Dance frightened settlers • An army was sent to prevent violence

  45. Wounded Knee Massacre • 290Indian men, women and children were killed • 25soldiers were killed

  46. Western States Admitted to the Union1864-1912 1864 – Nevada 1890- Idaho 1867- Nebraska 1890- Wyoming 1876- Colorado 1896- Utah 1889- North Dakota 1907- Oklahoma 1889- South Dakota 1912- New Mexico 1889- Montana 1912- Arizona 1889-Washington

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