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Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters. Dopamine, drugs, and animal models. Neurons: How they Function and Communicate. Brain U: action potentials. 3 classes of substances that act as neurotransmitters. A mino acids - glutamic acid (glutamate), GABA, aspartic acid & glycine

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Neurotransmitters

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  1. Neurotransmitters Dopamine, drugs, and animal models

  2. Neurons: How they Function and Communicate Brain U: action potentials

  3. 3 classes of substances that act as neurotransmitters • Amino acids- glutamic acid (glutamate), GABA, aspartic acid & glycine • Peptides- vasopressin, somatostatin, neurotensin, etc. • Monoamines- norepinephrine, dopamine & serotonin; also acetylcholine.  GABA Glutamate Serotonin Vasopressin Dopamine

  4. Slow-acting Neurotransmitters • Act on Ligand-gated channels, directly influence excitability • Act on G-protein coupled receptors, directly influence excitability • Act in milliseconds, synaptic • Act in seconds to minutes, synaptic and extra-synaptic • Responsible for point-to-point, fast communication • Modulatethe actions of fast neurotransmitters and voltage-gated ion channels Fast-acting Neurotransmitters

  5. Slow-acting Neurotransmitters • Can trigger changes in genetic programs by modulation of voltage-gated ion channels and Ca2+permeant ligand-gated channels • Trigger changes in gene expression through a wide variety of signaling cascades as well as modulation of membrane Ca2+ flux through voltage and ligand-gated channels • Examples: Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Glycine • Examples: Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Serotonin Fast-acting Neurotransmitters

  6. +NH2 - CH - COOH- CH2 Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) +NH2 - CH2 - COOH OH CH2 OH OH L-DOPA Dopa Decarboxylase (DDC) +NH2 - CH2 CH2 OH OH DOPAMINE Dopamine Biosynthesis TYROSINE  Used in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease

  7. Dopamine Neurotransmission • Mesolimbic / Mesocortical • Ventral Tegmental Area to Nucleus Accumbens, Amygdala, Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex • Memory • Reward and Desire • Motivation and Emotional Response • Addiction • Abnormal function can cause hallucinations amygdala

  8. Central Dopaminergic Pathways • Nigrostriatal pathway • Substantianigra to Caudate/Putamen • Motor control Death of neurons leads to Parkinson’s Disease

  9. Parkinson’s Disease: Loss of a specific type of neuron

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