1 / 27

Argentina

Argentina. República Argentina. Geography. Capital is Buenos Aires Second biggest country in South America and eighth largest in the world Area- 1,078,000  sq  mi between the Andes in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east and south.

flora
Download Presentation

Argentina

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Argentina República Argentina

  2. Geography • Capital is Buenos Aires • Second biggest country in South America and eighth largest in the world • Area- 1,078,000 sq mi between the Andes in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east and south. • bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north, Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast, and Chile in the west and south • divided into twenty-three provinces • Aconcagua (22,834 feet), is the highest mountain in the Americas, the Southern and Western Hemisphere • lowest point is Laguna del Carbón in Santa Cruz (−344 ft) below sea level- lowest point in South America

  3. Four Main Regions • fertile plains of the Pampas in the center of the country, the source of agricultural wealth • oil-rich plateau of Patagonia in the southern half • subtropical flats of the Gran Chaco in the north • Andes mountain range along the western border with Chile

  4. Climate • Temperate with extremes ranging from subtropical in the north to subpolar in the far south • North- very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, periodic droughts • Central region- hot summers with thunderstorms (hail), and cool winters • South- warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall (especially in mountains)

  5. Flora • Ceibo- national flower • North- subtropical plants • Pampa- few plants; ombú, an evergreen • Northwest-cacti

  6. Fauna • mammels- jaguar, cougar, ocelot, howler monkey, tapir, capybara, anteater, ferret, raccoon • Birds- hummingbirds, flamingos, toucans, parrots, hornero (national bird) • Sea life- dolphins, orcas,whales • Snakes- boa constrictors, yacará pit viper, South American rattle snake • Reptiles, etc- Crocodiles, turtles

  7. History • 1480- the Inca Empire (Emperor Pachacutec) launched an offensive and conquered northwestern Argentina • Collasuyu • In the northeast, the Guaraní developed a culture based on yuca and sweet potato • Central and southern areas (Pampas and Patagonia)- nomads

  8. History: Spain • 1516- first Spanish conquistadors discovered the Río de la Plata • named the estuary Mar Dulce (fresh water sea) • Natives gave gifts of silver to the survivors of the shipwrecked expedition (led by Juan Díaz de Solís • Established colony in Buenos Aires area • RuyDíaz de Guzmán named the territory Tierra Argentina (Land of Silver) • latin word for silver-- argentums

  9. History: Independence • Spanish immigrants and their descendants (criollos) • Afro-Argentines(descendents of slaves) • Indigenous peoples • May 25, 1810, after the overthrow of King Ferdinand VII by Napoleon, citizens of Buenos Aires created the First Government Junta (May Revolution) • Formal independence from Spain was declared on July 9, 1816

  10. History: Self-Rule • 1817- General José de San Martín crossed the Andes to free Chile and Peru, eliminating the Spanish threat • Centralist and federalist groups were in conflict until national unity was established and the constitution written (1853) • 1880-1945: prosperity and prominence • became one of the 10 richest countries in the world • Conservatives dominated until 1916, when the Radicals won control of the government • The military forced Radicals from power in 1930, leading to another decade of Conservative rule

  11. History: Juan Perón • Political change led to the presidency of Juan Perón in 1946 • working class- unionized workers • Eva Perón • Lost presidency during RevoluciónLibertadora of 1955 • 1950s-1970s: govt. changed often • economy grew strongly and poverty declined • political violence continued • 1973- Perón returned to the presidency, but he died within a year of assuming power • his wife Isabel, the Vice President, succeeded him in office, but a military coup in 1976 removed her from office

  12. History: The Dirty War • 1976-1983: armed forces took power through a junta (National Reorganization Process) • military government repressed opposition and leftist groups using harsh illegal measures • thousands of dissidents disappeared • greatly increased the national debt • economic problems, corruption, public revulsion, human rights abuses • 1982- defeat by the British in the Falklands War

  13. History: Democracy • Democracy was restored in 1983 • Raúl Alfonsín- Radical government • Prosecuted leaders of junta • Attempted to resolve the issue of the “disappeared” • Failure to turn around the economic depression and debt

  14. Government • En unión y libertad • Federal Presidential Representative Democratic Republic • President - both head of state and head of government • Néstor Kirchner 

  15. Separation of Powers • Executivepower resides in the President and his cabinet • President and Vice President are directly elected to four-year terms, limited to two consecutive terms, and the cabinet ministers are appointed by the president • Legislative power is given to a bicameral National Congress (Congreso de la Nación), consisting of a Senate (Senado) of seventy-two seats, and a Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados) of 257 members • A third of the candidates presented by the parties must be women • Argentine Supreme Court of Justice- seven members who are appointed by the President in consultation with the Senate

  16. International Affairs • The only country from Latin America to participate in the Gulf War under mandate of the UN • Anti-U.S. protests, emphasizing Mercosur (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay) as its first international priority • Armed forces are controlled by the Defense Ministry • President is Commander-in-Chief • one of the best equipped in the region • Army, Navy, and Air Force

  17. Economy • 1970s the country piled up public debt, high inflation, depreciated worth of the peso • 1998 a period of profound economic recession began • By the end of 2002 the economy began to stabilize- careful spending control and heavy taxes on then-soaring exports allowed the state to regain resources and conduct monetary policy • 2003- NéstorKirchner elected president • paid off outstanding debts with the International Monetary Fund and nationalized some previously privatized enterprises • Period of high economic growth and political stability- an improvement in the situation of the poorer sectors and a strong rebound of the middle class

  18. Natural Resources • Soy and vegetable oils • Wheat, corn, oats, sorghum, and sunflower seeds • Cattle (beef, dairy, leather) • Sheep(wool), pigs • The world's fifth-largest wine producer • Industrial petrochemicals, oil, natural gas, coal, metals

  19. Industry • Telecommunications- cell phones, internet • Tourism

  20. Demographics • Population- 40,301,927  • Mostly European descent (85-97%)- Spaniards, Italians • Portuguese, Germans, French, Poles, Ashkenazi Jews • 1990s- immigrants from Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru • Large Arab community- immigrants from Syria and Lebanon (most are Christian) • Illegal immigration-Bolivia and Paraguay • launched a program called Patria Grande ("Greater Homeland"),to encourage illegal immigrants to regularize their status • Highly urbanized- 3.53 million people live in Buenos Aires • Official language is Spanish-"Castellano"

  21. Religion • 93% Roman Catholic • Protestants present in most communities. • Mormons- the seventh-largest concentration in the world • Largest Jewish population in all of Latin America (2%) • Muslims (1.5%), mostly Sunni

  22. Education • After independence, constructed a national public education • literacy rate of 97.5% • School attendance is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17 • English is the most common languages taught at school

  23. Sports • Futbol (soccer)- most popular sport • national team won FIFA World Cup twice • The Open Polo Championship of Buenos Aires • Rugby • The official national sport of the country is pato, played on horseback

  24. The Arts • world-renowned literature- Jorge Luis Borges • major producer of motion pictures- world's first animated feature films- 1917 and 1918 • The Motorcycle Diaries (Diarios de motocicleta) • Tango- dance focused music, (1930 to mid-1950s) • neo-tango (Gotan Project)

  25. Technology • René Favaloro developed the techniques and performed the world's first ever coronary bypass surgery • Francisco de Pedro invented a more reliable artificial cardiac pacemaker • Luis Agote performed one of the first two blood transfusions with pre-stored blood • RaúlPateras de Pescara demonstrated the world's first flight of a helicopter • Satellite, the PEHUENSAT-1was successfully launched on January 10, 2007

More Related