Solutions and Solubility: Vocabulary, Dissolution Process and Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolution

1. C: 28 March 2012 • Grab your clicker! • Take Out Your Unit 6 Packet • Objective: You will be able to: • define and use in context vocabulary relating to solutions and solubility • model and describe the process of dissolution • Do Now: Is salt water a homogeneous mixture or a heterogeneous mixture? • What classification of matter is air?

2. C: Agenda • Do now • Vocab notes and practice • Dissolution video • Dissolution activity • Pre-lab Homework: Unit 7 Packet p. 3: tomorrow Read p. 4-5: by tomorrow; be familiar with procedure! Did you turn in your Unit 6 Packet?!

3. Solutions and Solubility

4. Pre-quizWhich of the following is a solution? • Salt water • Sand and water • Oil and water • All of the above

5. Reactions in aqueous solutions • The reactions in your body (digestion, cellular respiration, etc., etc.) all happen in water! • Most reactions on earth happen in water

6. Essential Questions • How does the solution process occur? • How does something dissolve? • What influences the solution process? • What makes something dissolve, or not dissolve or dissolve fast or slow?

7. Solutions Vocabulary • solution: a homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent • solvent: the part of a solution doing the dissolving (often the liquid), in excess • solute: a substance being dissolved in a solvent, does not settle to bottom

8. SOLUTE SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLVENT

9. In a solution of calcium chloride and water, which is the solute? • Calcium chloride • Water • Salt • None of the above

10. In a solution of isopropyl alcohol and potassium nitrate, which is the solvent? • Potassium nitrate • Isopropyl alcohol • Water • None of the above

11. Which of the following is a solution? • Salt water • Sand and water • Oil and water • All of the above

12. In seltzer water, what is the solute? • Water • Salt • Oxygen gas • Carbon dioxide gas

13. Soluble: a substance that is able to be dissolved • Insoluble: a substance that is not able to be dissolved

14. Which of the following is soluble in water? • Oil • Rocks • Sugar • Wax

15. Which of the following is insoluble in water? • Water • Salt • Sugar • Plastic

16. How does the process of dissolving work? • Water is a “polar” molecule: It has a negative end and a positive end. • Most soluble compounds are ionic: they are made of positive ions and negative ions. • Let’s see what happens between these particles! • http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf • http://www.kentchemistry.com/moviesfiles/Units/Kinetics/DissolutionofNaClinWater.htm

17. Let’s do this! • page 2: Dissolution Activity

18. Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolution • Pre-Lab and Procedure Read-Through • Be ready to rock tomorrow!!

19. Homework • Unit 7 Packet p. 3: due tomorrow • Read p. 4-5: by tomorrow; be familiar with procedure! • Did you turn in your Unit 6 Packet?!

20. Saturated: a solution with the maximum amount of dissolved solute • Unsaturated: a solution with less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute • Supersaturated: a solution with more than the maximum amount of dissolved solute • Requires an increase then decrease of temperature

21. A cup of water has just a pinch of salt stirred into it. • Saturated solution • Unsaturated solution • Supersaturated solution • None of the above

22. A candy maker adds excess sugar to a pot of water, boils the water until all the sugar dissolves, then allows the solution to cool. The sugar stays dissolved. • Saturated solution • Unsaturated solution • Supersaturated solution • None of the above

23. I stir sugar into my coffee just until no more will dissolve. • Saturated solution • Unsaturated solution • Supersaturated solution • None of the above

24. Demo – record your observations! • Solid sodium acetate (CH3COONa) is added to water in a test tube until there is more than will dissolve. • Making a “slurry” • The test tube is heated over a flame until the water boils and all the sodium acetate dissolves. • The test tube is allowed to cool in an ice bath. • One crystal of sodium acetate is added to the cooled test tube to precipitate the excess solute.

25. A: 28 March 2012 • Take Out Unit 7 Packet page 3 • Objective: You will be able to: • explore factors that affect the rate of dissolution. • Do now: Draw water molecules around each of these ions. Be sure each water molecule is oriented the correct direction! + –

26. A: Agenda • Do now • Demo: Dissolving a Salt Crystal Lattice • Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolution Lab Homework: Finish pages 3-7: Thurs.

27. Demo: Dissolution

28. C: 29 March 2012 • Take Out Unit 7 Packet page 3 • Objective: You will be able to: • describe factors that affect the rate of dissolution and how they affect the rate of dissolution. • Do now: Draw water molecules around each of these ions. Be sure each water molecule is oriented the correct direction! + –

29. C: Agenda • Do now • Factors Affecting Rate of Dissolution Lab • Reading: O2 in Streams • Response to article Homework: Pages 6-12: due Friday

30. Factors Affecting the Rate of Dissolution Lab • Rate of dissolution: How fast a solute dissolves in a solvent

31. 5 min. • With your partner, complete the background questions on p. 4 • Then, re-read the materials and procedure

32. Procedure read-through

33. Step 3: Crushing CuSO4 • Using a mortar and pestle • Crush, don’t pound!

34. Step 4 “Flicking” a test tube to mix • We’re actually going to “invert to mix.” • Watch the demo. • If your solutions take more than 30 minutes to dissolve, you can just write “30 min. +” for the time, and describe your observations.

35. Step 7 • Take the temperature of the hot, room temperature and cold water before you mix.

36. Step 8 • Fill each test tube half way with water (hot, room temp. and cold)

37. Step 9 • Cover test tube with plastic and invert to mix.

38. Complete each step carefully! • Write thoughtful observations • Answer all the questions neatly and completely • The biggest cause of low lab averages is sloppy work on the analysis questions!

39. When you finish the lab • Clean up. Return all materials to the front table or wash and hang to dry. • Clean up splashes and paper towels! • Begin to read and text-mark the article on p. 8-9

40. Lab Behaviors • On task • At your station • Efficient but careful • Precise: • Read and follow the procedure exactly. • Collect careful data and observations. • Clean: Leave your area cleaner than you found it!

41. Homework • Pages 6-12: due Friday • Answer each question thoughtfully and carefully

43. I put one spoonful of sugar in my coffee. It is a ______ solution. • Saturated • Unsaturated • Supersaturated • Soluble

44. I put sugar in my coffee until no more will dissolve. It is a ____ solution. • Saturated • Unsaturated • Supersaturated • Soluble

45. A solution with more than the maximum dissolved solute is a ____ solution. • Saturated • Unsaturated • Supersaturated • Soluble

46. C: 30 March 2012 • Take Out: p. 6-7 • Objective: You will be able to: • describe factors affecting the solubility of solutes in water. • Do now: What three factors affect the rate of dissolution of a solid in a liquid? • Choose one factor and describe how it affects the rate of dissolution.

47. Agenda • Do now • Lab questions and review? • Exit ticket 7.1 • O2 in Streams reading and response Homework: Pages 8-11: due Monday Page 12 due Thursday

48. Exit Ticket • When you finish your exit ticket, flip it over. • Then, begin reading the article on page 8, silently.

49. Problem: The power plant makes hot water to cool the equipment then they discharge it into the river Hot water does not hold enough oxygen Since there is less oxygen the fish will die Increase in Algae Solution: we can add a steam pipe under the Longfellow bridge move the steam throug a pipe to the other side of the building where they will use it to heat up buildings o.o (brilliant) 5-10 years to build this-disturb wildlife-So much money O.o brainstorm--------------result accomplish goal

50. Read the article • Complete the questions on pages 10-11. • Then, we’ll get back together to discuss #8.