Section One The Minoans

2. Section One The Minoans Objective: To identify the location of the Minoans Explain 5 facts about their culture based on our Identified civilization themes. (1 per theme) To complete the missing notes

3. Minoan civilization started around 2800 B.C.E. on the island of ____in the Mediterranean Sea. They used their metalworking and ______skills to build ships. They made their ships slimmer and faster. The Minoans placed a large wooden beam in the ___(front of the ship) to sink enemy ships. Crete was the world’s first _____nation – trading pottery, leather and bronze armor, and metal jewelry.

4. The Minoans had bronze skin and long dark hair. Men wore ______ and women wore full skirts. Both wore jewelry. The people of Crete loved sports. Events were held in an open air _____. Boxing and ____ _____were held there. Many experts believe bull leaping was a _______ ceremony as well as a sport.

5. At the heart of each Minoan city stood a _____ rather than a temple. The Minoan cities did not have walls around; they depended on the sea and navy to protect them. The palace at _____served as a government building, temple, factory and warehouse. The inside walls were decorated with brightly colored_______. Passageways and rooms formed a labyrinth giving the palace the name – “________________.” Minoan houses were two stories high and could be entered only by lowering a ladder over the side of the roof. The windows were made of oiled and tinted________.

6. The rulers of Crete were________. They made the laws and represented the gods on earth. The Minoans had many gods. The main god was the__________, _________. Minoans built shrines in palaces, houses, hilltops and caves to worship. The Minoans believed the___, ______ and _____ were sacred.

7. Around 1400 B.C.E. control of the sea passed from the Minoans to the _____________ Legend explains the fall of the Minoans with the story of ___________ Minotaur.

8. Questions to Investigate: • Where did Minoans live? • Who helped Theseus kill the Minotaur? • How did the Minoans show confidence in their navy? • What was the Palace of Knossus known as? • Give an example of Minoan engineering? • How do we know about the Minoan way of life? • What was linear A?] • What clothing accessory was worn by both men and women? • What animal did they worship?

9. Ancient Greece: THES:\Team Folders\Humanities\Video Clips for greece\Video Clips\Ancient_Crete__The_Minoans.asf MINOANS

10. Section Two The Mycenaeans Objective: To identify the location of the Mycenaens Explain 5 facts about their culture based on our Identified cultural themes. To complete the missing notes.

11. The Mycenaeans came from the grasslands of southern Russia and settled in the lowlands of Greece. The Mycenaean kings built ____________on hilltops. The chief feature of the palace was the _________. Land was divided into estates that were farmed either by enslaved people or by _______. The Mycenaeans relied on hunting to get more meat.

12. Minoan traders visited Greece. The Mycenaeans began to ______ many Minoan customs. Most important of all, they learned how to build ships and how to navigate. • The Mycenaens began to grow ______, and the sale of olive oil made them rich. They found trading stations and settlements on nearby islands. • Despite their success in trade, the Mycenaeans were warriors at heart. By about ________, they had replaced the Minoans as the chief power of the Aegean world.

13. Questions to investigate: • Who was the legendary founder of Mycenae? • What figures were carved atop the gate of the city walls? • Who was the most famous Mycenaean king? • What is the most famous book written about ancient Greece?

14. Mycenae

15. The Mycenaeans are famous for their attack on Troy, a major trading city in Asia Minor. About 500 years after the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a blind Greek poet named Homer composed the Iliad, a long poem about the event. Homer also composed a poem called the Odyssey, which tells about the wanderings of Odysseus, a Mycenaean hero of the Trojan War. After 10 years of fighting, Odysseus had the soldiers build a huge, hollow wooden horse. The best soldiers hid inside. The Trojans tied ropes to the wooden horse and pulled it into the city as a victory prize. At night, the hidden Mycenaeans killed the king of Troy and burned the city.

16. Legend vs Myth • What is a myth? Legend? • Why were they used?

17. The Mycenaeans did not return to peaceful ways after crushing Troy. A series of civil wars,or wars between opposing groups of citizens, broke out. A people called Dorians entered Greece and conquered the Mycenaeans. As a result of the civil wars and the Dorian invasion, the Aegean world entered a “Dark Age,” which lasted until about 800 B.C. The people of the Aegean region forgot how to write and keep records. The Aegean world was cut off from the Middle East, and the people had to create a new civilization on their own with herding and farming as the main ways of life.

18. Critical Thinking Questions What effect did being an island civilization have on the Minoans? How well did the Minoans use their natural resources? Explain your answer. In what ways would the Mycenaean civilization have been different if the people had not learned to build and sail ships? Imagine you are an archaeologist who has dug up artifacts you believe are Mycenaean. Describe two artifacts you have found and what each was used for. What human actions and geographic factors made it possible for the “Dark Age” of the Aegean world to last for 300 years?