Agenda #2 Period # 4 1)Copy agenda 2) Warm-up# 2

1. *Copy agenda down on your notebook, (backpacks should be behind you or on the floor).*Copy and answer Warm-Up question. -Be ready to share answers!! Agenda #2 Period # 4 1)Copy agenda 2) Warm-up# 2 3) Lecture #2: Origins of American Government 4) Booklet activity 5) 6) Exit slip

2. Lesson Objective • Students will be able to trace the impact that Magna Carta, The English Bill of Rights and Petition of Right among other documents had in shaping the American government by creating a booklet. • Goal Questions: • Which documents influenced the American Government? Explain How • Why is the constitution a document of compromises?

3. Warm-Up #2 Based on what you learned about the origins and purpose of government, analyze this image and explain what you think it represents. * Your response should be 5-10 complete sentences

4. in 1754, Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union proposed a congress of delegates from all colonies, but both the colonies and king rejected it.

5. Origins of American Government

6. Our political beginnings • Early American settlement: Colonists brought their knowledge of the English political system to North America. • Three types of English Colonies: • Charter: based on charters granted directly to the colonists. • Proprietary: colonies were organized by an owner to whom the king had granted land. • Royal: were directly ruled by the crown. • The three types of colonies provided training for the colonist in the art of government. • Most colonies had Bicameral (two-house) legislatures, although Pennsylvania's was unicameral (one-house).

7. Checking for Understanding What document first protected the right to a trial by jury?

8. English political system: • Ordered Government: • Limited Government: • Representative Government: • English government developed from: • Magna Carta (1215): limited power of king, protected right to trial by jury and due process of law • Petition of Right(1628): king could not imprison subjects without lawful judgement nor military rule in peacetime. King could not force citizens to house soldiers. • English Bill of Rights (1689): prohibited keeping an army in peacetime. Required free parliamentary elections. Granted right to fair trial, forbade cruel and unusual punishments and excessive bail.

9. Checking for Understanding What were the three key ideas about government in the English tradition/ political system?

10. The Coming of Indepence • Great Britain became more involved in ruling its colonies in the 1760s. • New taxes and laws that caused the colonies to object to “ taxation without representation.” • Colonists reacted by taking small steps to unity: -The New England States had already formed a confederation, or union for a common purpose, in the 1600s. -in 1754, Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union proposed a congress of delegates from all colonies, but both the colonies and king rejected it. -12 of the 13 colonies joined the First Continental Congress in 1774. -Decision to boycott British Goods.

11. The colonist get ready to fight • The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775 and ended in 1783. • On May 10,1775, the Second Continental Congress began(1775-1781). • It became the first government of the United States and produced the Declaration of Independence . • The newly formed states wrote constitutions. Constitution: basic set of laws that creates a government. • The state constitutions all shared the principle of popular sovereignty, meaning that government can exist only with the consent of the people governed.

12. Checking for Understanding What was the first government of the United States called?

13. The Critical Period • 1780s were problem filled years for the United States. • Wanted to a permanent government but did not wat to give it much power. • In 1781, the 13 states ratified or formally approved the Articles of Confederation. • tied the states together in a loose union • Created a central government that could set up an army, navy, make war and peace and settle state disputes. • Consisted of only one branch, Congress ( unicameral). • The National government had no power to make the states obey the Articles or laws passed by the legislature. • The states had the power to tax and print their own money.

14. Weaknesses of the government under the Article of Confederation • One vote for each state, regardless of size. • Congress powerless to collect taxes or duties. • Congress powerless to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. • No executive to enforce acts of congress. • No national court system. • Amendments only with consent of all states. • A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. • Articles only a “firm language of friendship”

15. Checking for Understanding What were the Articles of Confederation?

16. Creating the Constitution • In 1787, 55 delegates( Framers) from 12 states met in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation, but decided to write a constitution instead. • The Virginia Plan called for three branches of government: an executive, a bicameral legislature, an courts • #of Reps. Was linked to wealth and population. • The New Jersey Plan: government without strong and separate branches. • Equal # of Reps from each state. • Connecticut Compromise: combined the Virginia and New Jersey plans. • Called for two houses in congress • The smaller Senate: states equal representation • The larger House: state was represented based on population.

17. The constitution • The constitution became a document of compromises. • The Three-Fifths Compromise: determined that states could count 3/5ths of their slaves as part of their populations, to increase their Reps. In the house. • The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise: forbade Congress from taxing exports from any State as well as from acting against the slave trade fro 20 years.

18. Ratifying the Constitution • The Framers had provided that before the Constitution could take effect, at lest 9/13 states had to ratify it. • During ratification process two groups emerged: • The Federalist: favored ratification, stressed weaknesses of Articles of Confederation • The Anti-Federalist: opposed ratification. Attacked almost every part of the Constitution, specially: • The greatly increased powers of the central government • The lack of bill of rights. • In 1788, eleven states had ratified the Constitution, the senate held elections for a new president • The first Congress of the New National Government met in March 1789, because there was no quorum, or majority of it members, the electoral votes could no be counted until April, declaring George Washington as President.

19. Checking for Understanding Who were the Federalists?

20. ColonialInfluences activity Mayflower Compact Cato’s Letters Common Sense English Bill of Rights Magna Carta Collection of Good Ideas Where did America get its ideas about government?

21. What’s the big idea? • Rule of Law • All people must follow the laws, and the laws should be enforced fairly. • Self Government • People can make decisions on how their government should work. • Due Process • People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing laws and need to treat all people in the same way. • Limited Government • A government that has been limited in power by a constitution, or written agreement. • Rights • A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions.

22. Cut-and-Fold Instructions • Put your name on the paper. • Flip the page over to see the side with the check list. • Carefully cut along the dashed lines only.

23. Cut-and-Fold Instructions • Fold the tabs towards the middle on the left side on the solid line. • Fold the tabs towards the middle on the right side on the solid line. • Turn the paper so you see a row of images. • Use the reading and class discussion to complete all the fields in this activity.

24. Magna Carta The Magna Carta was a government document that limited the power of the king of England and protected the rights of the nobility. It was written by the English nobility in 1215. • Big Ideas: • Limited Government • Rights • Rule of Law • Due Process Magna Carta

25. Mayflower Compact The Mayflower Compact was an agreement among individuals that created a government that would provide order and protect the rights of the colonists. It was written by a group of English Pilgrims as they traveled to Massachusetts in 1620. • Big Ideas: • Self Government • Rule of Law Mayflower Compact Magna Carta

26. English Bill of Rights The English Bill of Rights was a government document that expanded the powers of the English Parliament and expanded the rights of the people, as well as further limited the rights of the king. It was written by the members of the English Parliament in 1689. • Big Ideas: • Limited Government • Rights • Due Process • Rule of Law English Bill of Rights Magna Carta Mayflower Compact

27. Cato’s Letters Cato’s Letters were made up of a collection of newspaper articles published to convince people to support the freedom of expression and to fight against the heavy handed rule of the British government. They were written by two anonymous English journalists in the 1720’s. • Big Ideas: • Rights • Rule of Law English Bill of Rights Cato’s Letters Magna Carta Mayflower Compact

28. Common Sense Common Sense was a pamphlet written to convince the American colonists to support becoming independent from England. It was written by a colonial journalist and circulated in 1776. • Big Ideas: • Self Government • Rights Common Sense English Bill of Rights Cato’s Letters Magna Carta Mayflower Compact

29. From Big Ideas to the Constitution The movers and shakers in the colonial period spent a lot of time thinking about these big ideas, and how to put them into practice. Give it a try yourself by matching each aspect of the U.S. Constitution to the big ideas that you just learned about.

30. From Big Ideas to the Constitution A “This Constitution and the laws of the United States ... shall be the supreme law of the land.” All government officials “shall be bound by an oath to support this constitution.” U.S. Constitution, Article VI Self– Government: popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government Rule of Law: the idea that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly A Due Process: People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing the laws and treat all people in the same way. Rights: A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions Limited Government: the power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do

31. From Big Ideas to the Constitution B • The first ten amendments in the Bill of Rights guarantee certain rights and freedoms that include: • Freedom of speech, the press, and religion • Right to petition the government and to bear arms • Prohibition of excessive bail or fines, or cruel and unusual punishments for crimes Self– Government: popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government Rule of Law: the idea that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly Due Process: People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing the laws and treat all people in the same way. Rights: A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions Limited Government: the power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do B

32. From Big Ideas to the Constitution C The U.S. Constitution created three branches of government. Each branch is given the power to check, or limit the power of the other two. The system of checks and balances keeps any one branch from getting too powerful. Self– Government: popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government Rule of Law: the idea that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly Due Process: People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing the laws and treat all people in the same way. Rights: A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions Limited Government: the power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do C

33. From Big Ideas to the Constitution D “ No person shall...be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law” U.S. Constitution, 5th Amendment Self– Government: popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government Rule of Law: the idea that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly Due Process: People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing the laws and treat all people in the same way. D Rights: A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions Limited Government: the power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do

34. From Big Ideas to the Constitution E “WE THE PEOPLE of the United States...do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” Preamble to the Constitution, 1787 Self– Government: popular or representative system where the people create and run their own government Rule of Law: the idea that all people must follow the laws, and that the laws are enforced fairly E Due Process: People have the right to fair and reasonable laws. Officials have to follow rules when enforcing the laws and treat all people in the same way. Rights: A set of things that people believe they should be free to do without restrictions Limited Government: the power of government is limited by the Constitution, and each branch is limited in what it can do