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Video Tools and Techniques for Educators (Rev. 4): (Including edTPA Video Preparation)

Video Tools and Techniques for Educators (Rev. 4): (Including edTPA Video Preparation). Warning!!!.

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Video Tools and Techniques for Educators (Rev. 4): (Including edTPA Video Preparation)

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  1. Video Tools and Techniques for Educators (Rev. 4): (Including edTPA Video Preparation)

  2. Warning!!! Before you start editing your videos, (1) make copies of all your clips, (2) put the original “masters” in a safe place, and (3) only edit the copies (and never the originals). Then, even if a mistake or accident does occur, your original videos will still be safe.

  3. Things to Check Before YouShoot Your Video(s) Before recording your lesson(s), make a short test recording. Then, play it back to make sure everything is working/set up properly.

  4. Is the camera battery is sufficiently charged to record for the duration of the lesson(s)?

  5. Is there sufficient tape/disc space/memory to record the lesson(s)? 5

  6. Does the camera have adequate mechanical support to avoid annoying hand-held shake? (Please use a tripod, if possible.) 6

  7. Is the camera oriented properly (i.e., landscape vs portrait mode)? 7

  8. If you plan to shoot your videos with a smartphone or tablet, be sure to shoot in landscape (rather than portrait) mode to avoid problems with incorrect orientation when the clips are uploaded to the web and viewed by others. Those who use an iPad, iPod, or iPhone to shoot their videos should hold the device so that the Home button is on the right and the Up/Down Volume buttons are facing downward.

  9. zoom Is the camera zoomed in/out sufficiently to place all important subjects in the frame (and hide those individuals who do not have permission to be in the video(s))?

  10. Are all subjects properly illuminated (neither too dark nor too light)? 10

  11. Is the teacher’s voice (as well as the voices of his/her students) loud/clear enough to be readily heard against the background of normal environmental sounds? 11

  12. Criteria for the selection of thevideo tool(s) we will be using The following six criteria were used during the software selection process to help identify the “right tool(s) for the job.”

  13. The tool(s) must provide basic information about video files that will enable the user to make informed technical decisions. 13

  14. The tool(s) must enable the display, cutting, trimming, joining, rotation, conversion, and/or compression of a wide array of video file types encountered by pre-service and practicing educators. 14

  15. The tool(s) must be available on both PC and Mac platforms. 15

  16. The tool(s) must cost nothing to use (i.e., freeware, public domain software, etc.). 16

  17. The tool(s) must be relatively easy to use for persons with a limited technical background. 17

  18. The tool(s) must be accessible to visually impaired individuals with low (or no) vision through the use of a keyboard-only interface (i.e., without a mouse). 18

  19. 19 Based on the selection criteria, “MPEG Streamclip” is the logical choice for educators seeking a rudimentary video editing tool. It is a powerful, yet easy-to-use, program that opens, displays, converts many different video file types; and offers editing capabilities that include cutting, trimming, and joining of video clips.

  20. Where to obtain MPEG Streamclipfor use on your own PC or Mac Please go to the following URL:http://www.squared5.com/

  21. For Windows users: Please click on the link entitled MPEG Streamclip for Windows. Then, under the Free download, Windows version heading, click on the downward-pointing arrow to the right of Download MPEG Streamclip 1.2 for Windows to download the latest (stable) version of the program. (Do not download the beta version.) Please carefully follow all instructions on the download page. 21

  22. For Mac OSX users: Please click on the link entitled MPEG Streamclip for Mac. Then, under the Free download, Mac OSX version heading, click on the downward-pointing arrow to the right of Download MPEG Streamclip 1.9.2 for Mac OSX to download the latest (stable) version of the program. (Do not download the beta version.) Please carefully follow all instructions on the download page. 22

  23. Since it would be unrealistic to expect any video editor to be able to open every conceivable video file type, it would be wise to avail ourselves of at least one of the many utilities capable of converting problematic videos into a format that can be readily accessed by MPEG Streamclip. A prime example of such a program is WinFF.

  24. Where to obtain WinFF for use on yourown PC—(no Mac version available) Please go to the following URL:http://winff.org/html_new/index.html

  25. For Windows users (only): Please click on the Downloads button near the top of the page. Then, under the Microsoft Windows (All Supported Versions) heading, click on the first option listed (i.e., the option whose name begins with WinFF, followed by a version number, and then the phrase Windows Installer (all windows versions)). After the download is complete, double-click on the file to begin the installation process. 25

  26. Everything we see on a computer (or TV) screen is composed of tiny picture elements called “pixels.”

  27. Whether we’re talking about text or (still or moving) images, they are all comprised of a pattern of pixels (that vary in both color and intensity). 27

  28. Each pixel, in turn, is often made up of a series of different colored “sub-pixels” which, when viewed from a distance, determine the overall color of the pixel. Red sub-pixels turned on, and green and blue sub-pixels turned off Green sub-pixels turned on, and red and blue sub-pixels turned off Blue sub-pixels turned on, and red and green sub-pixels turned off 28

  29. “Color depth” is a measure of how many different colors a pixel can have. 29

  30. Color depth=2:(a.k.a. “1 bit color”) (0 to 1) Green & White Amber & White Black & White

  31. Color depth=16:(a.k.a. “4 bit color”) (0000 to 1111)

  32. Color depth=64:(a.k.a. “6 bit color”) (000000 to 111111)

  33. Color depth=256:(a.k.a. 8 bit color”) (00000000 to 11111111)

  34. Color depth= 16,777,216:(a.k.a. “24 bit color”)(000000000000000000000000 to 111111111111111111111111) Even if each pixel in this image represented a different color, the total number of pixels would still equal only a small portion of all 16,777,216 colors that are available.

  35. Comparing image quality fordifferent color depths 1 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 2 possible colors) 4 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 16 possible colors) 24 bit color—(where each pixel can have 1 of 16,777,216 possible colors)

  36. “Resolution” tells us how wide and how tall an image is. It can be expressed as follows:Resolution = Width (in pixels) X Height (in pixels) Normally, when expressing resolution, the width and height are not actually multiplied together. Instead, both the width and height are expressed (e.g., 16X16, 640X480, 1920X1080, etc.). However, if we were to actually multiply the width by the height, we would get the total number of pixels in the image.

  37. This (magnified) image is 40 pixels wide and 30 pixels tall. We say its resolution is 40x30. (Since 40 X 30 = 1,200, that’s how many pixels are in the image.) 30 pixels tall 40 pixels wide

  38. VCD--(Resolution=352X240) Comparing the relative resolutionsof common video sources DVD and older Mini DV camcorders--(Resolution=720X480) iPad 2/iPhone 4/iPod Touch 4 and Flip UltraHD/Flip MinoHD video camera--(Resolution=1280X720) Flip Video F260B digital camcorder--(Resolution=640X480) Blu-Ray--(Resolution=1920X1080)

  39. “Aspect ratio” is the ratio between the width of an imange and its height. It can be expressed as follows:Aspect ratio = Width (in pixels) ÷ Height (in pixels) Since most computer images are wider than they are tall, aspect ratios greater than 1 are quite common. Aspect ratio may either be expressed as a fraction (e.g., 4/3, 16/9, etc.) or as a ratio (e.g., 1.33:1, 1.78:1, 16:9, etc.).

  40. This (magnified) image is 40 pixels wide and 30 pixels tall. We can express its aspect ratio as 40/30 (usually reduced to 4/3) or 1.33:1 (or simply 1.33). 30 pixels tall 40 pixels wide

  41. Comparing different aspect ratios Frame from a classic TV show from the 1960s Aspect ratio=1.33:1 (or 4:3) Frame from a modern motion picture from 2009 Aspect ratio=2.40:1

  42. When a sequence of still images is presented to the eye in rapid succession, the illusion Of motion is produced.

  43. Since this video has 16 “frames” displayed each second, its “frame rate” is 16fps.

  44. Some sample frame rates • 35mm film-based motion pictures=24 (perhaps 48fps in the future) • Old school (analog) TV standards: • NTSC (used in North America and Japan)=29.97fps (often rounded to 30fps) • PAL (used in Western Europe and Australia)=25fps • SECAM (used in Russia and parts of Africa/Middle East)=25fps • Modern ATSC (digital) TV standard (used in North America)=24, 30, or 60fps • Modern computer video=can vary, but often 30fps in US • Video games=30 or 60fps (and sometimes even higher)

  45. MPEG Streamclip uses the following timecode notation: 0:00:00,00 Hours Minutes Seconds Frames

  46. C O L O R D E P T H R E S O L U T I O N F R A M E R A T E The higher the quality of video in a video file, the larger its file size will be. Video Quality File Size

  47. Just as images on a (modern) computer or TV screen can be broken down into tiny “pixels” that can be stored as a string of digits, sound can also be broken down into miniscule samples that can be represented by a number. Analog Signal Digital Signal a

  48. (Typical) audio waveform of the spoken word--”noodle”

  49. (Less complex) audio waveform of a pure tone

  50. “Sampling rate” refers to the number of times (each second) that a sample is taken of an audio signal. The higher the sampling rate, the better the sound quality (and the larger the file size). L INCREASING SAMPLING RATE

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