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Problems at the biogas plant

Problems at the biogas plant. Henrik Bangsø Nielsen Biogasforum, seminar, 29/11-2005. Outline. Strategy and objectives Data obtained from Danish biogas plants On going experiments Future experiments Comments from the audience. Danish centralized biogas plants. Lemvig biogas plant.

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Problems at the biogas plant

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  1. Problems at the biogas plant Henrik Bangsø Nielsen Biogasforum, seminar, 29/11-2005

  2. Outline • Strategy and objectives • Data obtained from Danish biogas plants • On going experiments • Future experiments • Comments from the audience

  3. Danish centralized biogas plants Lemvig biogas plant (Biogasforum) (Al Seadi, 2000)

  4. A B Visits at biogas plants Data collection C Experiments and results that can be 1) directly related and used by specific plants and 2) can be published Strategies and objectives • 2001 status*: 1,5% of the production is lost via imbalances and technical problems, but what about suboptimal performances? • The project mainly focuses on the microbiology of the process • Research along with practical ”real life” experiences *Planenergi, Midtjylland 2001: Årsager til hæmning af biogasprocessen

  5. Biological polymers Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins Hydrolytic extracellular enzymes Mono- and oligomers Fermentative bacteria VFA, Lactate, Alcohols Syntrophic bacteria Acetate oxidizing bacteria H2, CO2 Acetate Homo-acetogenic bacteria H2-consuming methanogens Aceticlastic methanogens CH4 , H2O CH4 , H2O The biogas process

  6. Visits at biogas plants • Main conclusions: • “No problems” • Pre-storage tanks are not useful • Substrate composition is unknown • Substrate degradation characteristics is unknown • Inadequate surveillance, especially with regard to VFA

  7. Process breakdown Blåbjerg LCFA-inhibition

  8. Process breakdown

  9. Ammonia inhibition from pigmanure og mucosa Process breakdown

  10. Suboptimal reactor performance - +

  11. Suboptimal reactor performance

  12. Suboptimal reactor performance Fra 1/11-04 sker der et skifte fra kogt madaffald til Daka-fedtaffald.

  13. Suboptimal reactor performance/breakdown • Case story: • Whey replaced with blood from pigs at the 1. of September 2005 • Slow inhibition of biogas production observed in the beginning of October • Biogas production constituted only 40% of normal production at the 8. November • Propionate extremely high date VFA date

  14. Suboptimal reactor performance/breakdown • Reasons for inhibition: • Combination of increasing pH and increasing ammonia concentration • Increase in ammonia concentration was related to the feeding with pig blood • Increase in pH was caused by the increase in ammonia and omission of whey from the feedstock • Construction of the plant forced the operator to add further amounts of blood even after the imbalance had occurred • Inadequate measurement of VFA (Figure by Hinrich Hartmann)

  15. Studsgaard biogas plant

  16. Foaming starts april 2003 Foaming ends march 2005 Suboptimal conditions

  17. Suboptimal conditions

  18. Sinding-ørre biogas plant

  19. On going experiments related to full-scale experiences • Screening of various wastes in batch experiments • Toxicity • Biogas potential • Waste index • Tests of the most inhibitory compounds in reactor experiments • Effect on microbial activity • Effect on microbial composition (DNA extraction and TGGE) • Maximum loading rate • Identification of suitable parameters for indication of process imbalances (VFA, Methane….)

  20. Screening of various wastes in batch experiments with regard to toxicity and biogas potential Lipids 1.0 gVS/l 2.0 gVS/l 5.0 gVS/l 10 g/lVS Meat and bone meal Mixture

  21. Waste index. Examples

  22. Effect of MBM pulses Inadequate process surveillance 5 gVS/l 5 gVS/l 5 gVS/l

  23. Acetate VFA dynamics Propionate Isobutyrate Butyrate Valerate Isovalerate Effect of MBM pulses

  24. Future experiments related to full-scale experiences • Recovery of reactors following process imbalances: • Dilution • Re-inoculation • Continued feeding with waste • Feeding with manure only • No feeding at all • Foaming in biogas plants • Microbial phenomenon? • Physical phenomenon?

  25. Conclusions ?

  26. Acknowledgements Thanks to Henard Meer de Soto and Elena Pueyo Abad for sharing their results Thanks to Hector Garcia and Prasad L. Kaparaju for their technical assistance The work is supported by Energistyrelsens Energiforsknings-program (EFP-2005) Thank you for your attention!!!!

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