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Science and Pseudoscience

Science and Pseudoscience. Science and Pseudoscience: Zener Cards. Science and Pseudoscience. To demonstrate a typical approach for testing for the presence of ESP, follow the directions provided.

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Science and Pseudoscience

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  1. Science and Pseudoscience

  2. Science and Pseudoscience:Zener Cards

  3. Science and Pseudoscience • To demonstrate a typical approach for testing for the presence of ESP, follow the directions provided. • For each of the 10 stimuli that will appear, try to predict which Zener figure the sender is trying to communicate.

  4. Science and Pseudoscience

  5. Make a Prediction for Each Trial Trial 1 Trial 6 Trial 2 Trial 7 Trial 3 Trial 8 Trial 4 Trial 9 Trial 5 Trial 10

  6. Zener Cards: Trial 1

  7. Science and Pseudoscience • You expect to get 2 correct by chance • How many correct did you get? • Scores around 2 would be said not to reveal any powers of ESP. • High scores are said to reveal ESP • When extremely low scores are possible, they said to reveal “negative Psi”. (They wouldn’t be possible in our example.)

  8. Science and Pseudoscience • Why do you think some people had higher or lower than expected scores? • How would you test to see if the person was really telepathic with regard to Zener cards?

  9. Science and Pseudoscience • Let’s do it again. • What do you predict on the next 10 trials?

  10. Make a Prediction for Each Trial Trial 1 Trial 6 Trial 2 Trial 7 Trial 3 Trial 8 Trial 4 Trial 9 Trial 5 Trial 10

  11. Zener Cards--Trial 2

  12. Science and Pseudoscience • Is there any evidence that any of you have ESP? • What tended to happen on Trial 2 to a person’s score when he or she had a large number of correct responses on Trial 1? Why?

  13. Science and Pseudoscience • What evidence would you need to convince you that a person does or does not have telepathic powers? • Could you design an experiment to provide the evidence?

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